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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245351
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Therapeutischer Einsatz des Femtosekundenlasers in der Hornhautchirurgie
Therapeutic Applications of the Femtosecond Laser in Corneal SurgeryPublikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 19.1.2010
Angenommen: 18.3.2010
Publikationsdatum:
17. Juni 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Der seit etwa 2001 vorwiegend im Bereich der refraktiven Chirurgie für Lasik, intrakorneale Ringsegmente und refraktive Hornhautinzisionen verwendete Femtosekundenlaser wird in der modernen Hornhautchirurgie nun auch zunehmend für therapeutische Zwecke eingesetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der Femtosekundenlaser in erster Linie für die profilierte Trepanation bei perforierender Keratoplastik benutzt. Hierbei kann bei einer Genauigkeit von wenigen Mikrometern während der Trepanation ein Profil (z. B. Top-Hat-Profil, Mushroom-Profil, Zig-Zag-Profil) der Schnittkante erzeugt werden, was potenziell zu einer besseren Transplantatadaptation führen soll. Weitere bisher jedoch nur theoretische, da nicht durch Studien belegte, Vorteile dieser profilierten Schnittkanten könnten eine frühere Fadenentfernung, ein verlängertes Transplantatüberleben und ein geringerer postoperativer Astigmatismus sein. Erste Erfahrungen mit dieser neuen Trepanationstechnik zeigen, dass eine wesentlich frühere Fadenentfernung sicher und komplikationslos durchgeführt werden kann. Bei noch liegenden Fäden ergab sich bisher jedoch kein Vorteil hinsichtlich Visus und postoperativem Astigmatismus gegenüber mechanisch geführten Trepansystemen. Neben dem Einsatz für die perforierende Keratoplastik können mit dem Femtosekundenlaser auch lamelläre Transplantate geschnitten werden. Da der Femtosekundenlaser allenfalls unterstützend für eine tiefe anteriore lamelläre Keratoplastik eingesetzt werden kann, beschränkt sich die Anwendung derzeit vorwiegend auf posteriore lamelläre Verfahren, die sog. fsDSAEK (femtosecond descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty). Erste Studienergebnisse scheinen jedoch zu zeigen, dass die visuellen Ergebnisse bei Einsatz des Femtosekundenlasers für die DSAEK schlechter ausfallen als bei Nutzung eines Mikrokeratoms zur Präparation der Spenderlamelle.
Abstract
Since 2001 the femtosecond laser has primarily been used in refractive surgery, e. g., for lasik, implantation of intracorneal ring segments or antiastigmatic corneal incisions. However, the femtosecond laser is more and more used for therapeutic reasons in corneal surgery. In this context it is used for profiled trephinations in penetrating keratoplasty where various profiles of the cutting edge can be designed (e. g., top-hat profile, mushroom profile, zig-zag profile). The potential advantages of these profiles include improved graft adaptation, better and more stable wound healing leading to earlier suture removal and eventually prolonged graft survival. However, none of these potential advantages has been demonstrated by reliable study results until now. First clinical experiences show that much earlier suture removal is possible without significant complications. However, with sutures in there seems to be no advantage of the femtosecond laser compared to mechanically guided trephination systems regarding visual acuity and postoperative astigmatism. Besides penetrating profiles, the femtosecond laser also allows for lamellar cuts. As deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty can only be supported by the femtosecond laser, it is mostly used for posterior lamellar grafts in this context. However, first clinical results using the femtosecond laser for DSAEK (descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty) are poorer than those using microkeratome-prepared lamellar grafts for DSAEK.
Schlüsselwörter
Kornea - Keratoplastik, perforierend - Femtosekundenlaser - Keratoplastik, lamellär - DSAEK
Key words
cornea - penetrating keratoplasty - femtosecond laser - lamellar leratoplasty - DSAEK
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Dr. Philip Christian Maier
Uniklinik Freiburg, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Killianstr. 5
79106 Freiburg
Telefon: ++ 49/7 61/2 70 40 01
Fax: ++ 49/7 61/2 70 41 31
eMail: philip.maier@uniklinik-freiburg.de