Abstract
The biflavonoid, 3′′,4′,4′′′,5,5′′,7,7′′-heptahydroxy-3,8-biflavanone, known as GB1
(1 ), was isolated as a major constituent from Garcinia kola stem bark. GB1 (1 ) exhibited α -glucosidase and aromatase inhibitory activities, as well as antiplasmodial activity,
but was not toxic against cell lines tested. GB1 (1 ) may be a potential dietary supplement or phytomedicine for the prevention of breast
cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key words
Garcinia kola
- Guttiferae -
α ‐glucosidase inhibitor - aromatase inhibitor - antiplasmodial - biflavonoid
References
1
Iwu M M, Igboko O.
Flavonoids of Garcinia kola seeds.
J Nat Prod.
1982;
45
650-651
2
Okunji C O, Ware T A, Hicks R P, Iwu M M, Skanchy D J.
Capillary electrophoresis determination of biflavanones from Garcinia kola in three traditional African medicinal formulations.
Planta Med.
2002;
68
440-444
3
Hussain R A, Owegby A G, Parimoo P, Waterman P G.
Kolanone, a novel polyisoprenylated benzophenone with antimicrobial properties from
the fruit of Garcinia kola .
Planta Med.
1982;
44
78-81
4
Han Q B, Lee S F, Qiao C F, He Z D, Song J Z, Sun H D, Xu H X.
Complete NMR assignments of the antibacterial biflavonoid GB1 from Garcinia kola .
Chem Pharm Bull.
2005;
53
1034-1036
5
Adaramoye O A, Medeiros I A.
Endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from
Garcinia kola seeds, in rat superior mesenteric arteries.
J Smooth Muscle Res.
2009;
45
39-53
6
Farombi E O, Shrotriya S, Surh Y J.
Kolaviron inhibits dimethyl nitrosamine-induced liver injury by suppressing COX-2
and iNOS expression via NF-kappaB and AP-1.
Life Sci.
2009;
84
149-155
7
Okunji C, Komarnytsky S, Fear G, Poulev A, Ribnicky D M, Awachie P I, Ito Y, Raskin I.
Preparative isolation and identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from the seeds of
Garcinia kola by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
J Chromatogr A.
2007;
1151
45-50
8
Adaramoye O A, Adeyemi E O.
Hepatoprotection of D-galactosamine-induced toxicity in mice by purified fractions
from Garcinia kola seeds.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.
2006;
98
135-141
9
Adaramoye O A, Adeyemi E O.
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fractions from kolaviron, a biflavonoid
complex from Garcinia kola in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats.
J Pharm Pharmacol.
2006;
58
121-128
10
Farombi E O, Nwaokeafor I A.
Anti-oxidant mechanisms of kolaviron: studies on serum lipoprotein oxidation, metal
chelation and oxidative membrane damage in rats.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.
2005;
32
667-674
11
Terashima K, Takaya Y, Niwa M.
Powerful antioxidative agents based on garcinoic acid from Garcinia kola .
Bioorg Med Chem.
2002;
10
1619-1625
12
Farombi E O, Adepoju B F, Ola-Davies O E, Emerole G O.
Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage
in rats by kolaviron, a natural bioflavonoid of Garcinia kola seeds.
Eur J Cancer Prev.
2005;
14
207-214
13
Adaramoye O A, Nwaneri V O, Anyanwu K C, Farombi E O, Emerole G O.
Possible anti-atherogenic effect of kolaviron (a Garcinia kola seed extract) in hypercholesterolaemic rats.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.
2005;
32
40-46
14
Tona L, Cimanga R K, Mesia K, Musuamba C T, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Hernans N, Van Miert S,
Pieters L, Totté J, Vlietinck A J.
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts and fractions from seven medicinal plants used
in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
J Ethnopharmacol.
2004;
93
27-32
15
Braide V B.
Antiinflammatory effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid extract of Garcinia kola .
Fitoterapia.
1993;
64
433-439
16
Gescher A, Gerhäuser C.
Cancer chemopreventive agents in plants – a continuing challenge.
Planta Med.
2008;
74
1523-1525
17
Francy-Guilford J, Pezzuto J M.
Mechanisms of cancer chemopreventive agents: a perspective.
Planta Med.
2008;
74
1644-1650
18
Zimmet P, Alberti K, Shaw J.
Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic.
Nature.
2001;
414
782-787
19
Paoletta S, Steventon G B, Wildeboer D, Ehrman T M, Hylands P J, Barlow D J.
Screening of herbal constituents for aromatase inhibitory activity.
Bioorg Med Chem.
2008;
16
8466-8470
20
Eng E T, Ye J, Williams D, Phung S, Moore R E, Young M K, Gruntmanis U, Braunstein G,
Chen S.
Suppression of estrogen biosynthesis by procyanidin dimers in red wine and grape seeds.
Cancer Res.
2003;
63
8516-8522
21
Cuzick J.
Aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer prevention.
J Clin Oncol.
2005;
23
1636-1643
22
Iwu M M, Igboko O A, Okunji C O, Tempesta M S.
Antidiabetic and aldose reductase activities of biflavanones of Garcinia kola .
J Pharm Pharmacol.
1990;
42
290-292
23
Tabopda T K, Ngoupayo J, Awoussong P K, Mitaine-Offer A C, Ali M S, Ngadjui B T, Lacaille-Dubois M A.
Triprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus and their alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties.
J Nat Prod.
2008;
71
2068-2072
24
Lee S S, Lin H C, Chen C K.
Acylated flavonol monorhamnosides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, from Machilus philippinensis .
Phytochemistry.
2008;
69
2347-2353
25
Kawamori R, Tajima N, Iwamoto Y, Kashiwagi A, Shimamoto K, Kaku K.
Voglibose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind trial
in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
Lancet.
2009;
373
1607-1614
Dr. Prasat Kittakoop
Chulabhorn Research Institute
Vibhavadi-Rangsit Highway
10210 Bangkok
Thailand
Phone: + 66 8 69 75 57 77
Fax: + 66 25 74 06 22 ext. 15 13
Email: prasatkittakoop@yahoo.com