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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109254
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Transposition gerader Augenmuskeln zur Behandlung komplexer Motilitätsstörungen
Rectus Muscle Transposition for the Treatment of Complex Ocular Motility DisordersPublikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 23.9.2008
Angenommen: 13.11.2008
Publikationsdatum:
21. April 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Transposition von Augenmuskeln führt zu einer neuen vektoriellen Ausrichtung der Muskelkraft infolge der veränderten Verlaufsrichtung. Sie kommt bei Abduzensparalyse, beim Retraktionssyndrom, bei doppelter Heberparese und anderen komplexen okulären Motilitätseinschränkungen zur Anwendung. Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen 1992 und 2008 wurden an der Augenklinik des Universitätsspitals Zürich bei 31 Patienten Transpositionen gerader Augenmuskeln durchgeführt. Diese retrospektive klinische Fallstudie berücksichtigt exemplarisch nur einen Fall einer Abduzensparalyse, jedoch sämtliche andere Patienten mit ätiologisch sehr unterschiedlichen Motilitätseinschränkungen, bei denen eine Transpositionschirurgie zur Anwendung kam. Die präoperativen, chirurgischen und postoperativen Charakteristika von 7 Patienten werden dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Eine Muskeltransposition erfolgte bei Funktionsverlust der Mm. recti lateralis, superior und medialis sowie bei einem Patienten mit Strabismus fixus bei hoher Myopie. Bei einem Patienten lag eine traumatische Abduzensparalyse vor; die Muskeltransposition der horizontalen Mm. recti zum M. rectus superior wurde bei doppelter Heberparese, bei kongenitaler Oculomotoriusparese und infolge einer massiven Hebungseinschränkung bei asymmetrischer Aplasie des Os sphenoidale im Rahmen einer Neurofibromatose Typ 1 vorgenommen. Eine Verlagerung der vertikalen Mm. recti zum ursprünglichen Ansatz des M. rectus medialis erfolgte bei traumatischem und tumorbedingtem Muskelverlust. Die präoperativen Schielwinkel konnten beträchtlich reduziert werden. Ebenso zeigte sich postoperativ zum Teil eine Verbesserung der Motilität. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studie befand die Transposition gerader Augenmuskeln als geeignete Methode zur Behandlung komplexer Motilitätseinschränkungen bei einem breiten Spektrum möglicher Indikationen. In Fällen praktisch funktionsloser Augenmuskeln oder aber in ungewöhnlichen Situationen, deren Behandlung durch konventionelle Augenmuskelchirurgie nicht möglich scheint, bieten Transpositionsmanöver eine häufig effektive Alternative.
Abstract
Background: Transposition techniques alter the muscle paths thereby creating new directions of muscle force. Extraocular muscle transposition procedures have been used to treat abducens palsy, Duane’s retraction syndrome, double-elevator palsy and other complex ocular motility abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical and functional results of rectus muscle transposition in patients with different aetiologies of severe ocular motility deficits. Patients and Methods: Between 1992 and 2008 rectus muscle transposition surgery has been performed on 31 patients. In this retrospective case series one patient with an abducens nerve palsy is presented as an example. In addition, six patients with motility disorders of different aetiologies who had transposition manoeuvers were evaluated. Preoperative, surgical and postoperative data are reported. Results: Rectus muscle transposition has been performed because of severe functional loss of the lateral rectus muscle, the superior rectus muscle or the medial rectus muscle as well as in myopic strabismus fixus. One of the patients had traumatic sixth nerve palsy. The underlying pathology in patients who had superior transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles were double-elevator palsy, congenital oculomotor nerve palsy and hypotropia caused by sphenoid wing hypoplasia. A nasal transposition of the vertical rectus muscles was performed in traumatic and tumour-associated muscle loss of the medial rectus muscle. The large preoperative deviations were markedly reduced postoperatively and even ocular motility partially improved. Conclusions: Transposition surgery seems to be a suitable procedure for the treatment of complex ocular motility disorders. In cases of a complete lack of function of an extraocular muscle or in complex, uncommon conditions, which are difficult to treat with any other surgery, muscle transposition seems to be an effective procedure.
Schlüsselwörter
Augenmuskeltransposition - Augenmuskelchirurgie - Botulinumtoxin
Key words
rectus muscle transposition - eye muscle surgery - botulinum toxin
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Veit Sturm, MD
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zurich
Frauenklinikstrasse 24
8091 Zürich, Schweiz
Telefon: ++ 41/44/2 55 49 28
Fax: ++ 41/44/2 55 24 48
eMail: veit_sturm@yahoo.com