Abstract
Bicyclic hydrazines, prepared by cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene
and diazo compounds, have great synthetic potential. Numerous asymmetric
transformations of these building blocks have been developed, involving
the electrophilicity of their strained double bond, ring-opening
reactions or skeletal rearrangements. All these transformations
are fully diastereoselective, and, in some cases, enantioselective,
enabling the preparation of a wide range of useful synthetic intermediates
from a single precursor in a few synthetic steps.
1 Introduction
2 Preparation and Conformational Properties of Bicyclic Hydrazines
3 Synthetic Transformations without Ring Fragmentation
3.1 Hydroboration
3.2 Hydroformylation and Halocarbomethoxylation
3.3 Dihydroxylation and Aminohydroxylation
3.4 Hydroarylation
3.5 Sequential Arylation-Alkynylation
3.6 Arylative Cyclization
3.7 Cyclopropanation
3.8 Pauson-Khand Reaction
3.9 Cycloaddition Reactions
4 Synthetic Transformations with Ring Fragmentation
4.1 Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions
4.2 Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions
4.3 Rhodium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions
4.4 Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening-Metathesis Reactions and
Oxidative Cleavage
5 Rearrangements
5.1 Rearrangements Involving Allylic Cations
5.2 Rearrangements Involving Aziridiniums
6 Synthetic Applications
7 Conclusion
Key words
asymmetric synthesis - bicyclic hydrazines - ring-opening reactions - amines - asymmetric
catalysis
References
<A NAME="RE23008SS-1">1 </A>
Diels O.
Alder K.
Liebigs Ann. Chem.
1928,
460:
98
<A NAME="RE23008SS-2">2 </A>
Diels O.
Blom JH.
Koll W.
Liebigs
Ann. Chem.
1925,
443:
242
<A NAME="RE23008SS-3A">3a </A>
Roth WR.
Martin M.
Liebigs
Ann. Chem.
1967,
702:
1
<A NAME="RE23008SS-3B">3b </A>
Roth WR.
Martin M.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1967,
4695
<A NAME="RE23008SS-3C">3c </A>
Allred EL.
Smith RL.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1967,
89:
7133
<A NAME="RE23008SS-4">4 </A>
Little D.
Chem.
Rev.
1986,
86:
875
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5A">5a </A>
Engel PS.
Chem. Rev.
1980,
80:
99
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5B">5b </A>
Simpson CJSM.
Wilson GJ.
Adam WJ.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1991,
113:
4728
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5C">5c </A>
Reyes MB.
Carpenter BK.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
2000,
122:
10163
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5D">5d </A>
Khuong KS.
Houk KN.
J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
2003,
125:
14867
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5E">5e </A>
Adam W.
Diedering M.
Trofimov AV.
J.
Phys. Org. Chem.
2004,
17:
643
<A NAME="RE23008SS-5F">5f </A>
Abe M.
Ishihara C.
Kawanami S.
.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2005,
127:
10
<A NAME="RE23008SS-6">6 </A>
Spandl RJ.
Bender A.
Spring DR.
Org.
Biomol. Chem.
2008,
6:
1149
<A NAME="RE23008SS-7">7 </A>
Eliel EL.
Wilen SH.
Stereochemistry of
Organic Compounds
Wiley;
New York:
1994.
p.758
<A NAME="RE23008SS-8">8 </A>
Hoffman RW.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2003,
42:
1096
<A NAME="RE23008SS-9">9 </A>
Houben-Weyl
Methods of Organic Synthesis
4th ed., Vol. E21:
Helmchen G.
Hoffmann RW.
Mulzer E.
Thieme;
Stuttgart:
1995.
p.5451
<A NAME="RE23008SS-10">10 </A>
Needleman SB.
Kuo CC.
Chem. Rev.
1962,
62:
405
<A NAME="RE23008SS-11">11 </A>
MacKenzie JCJ.
Rodgmen A.
Wright GF.
J. Org. Chem.
1952,
17:
1666
<A NAME="RE23008SS-12">12 </A>
Gassman PG.
Mansfield KT.
Org. React.
1969,
49:
1
<A NAME="RE23008SS-13">13 </A>
Stout DM.
Takaya T.
Meyers AI.
J.
Org. Chem.
1975,
40:
563
<A NAME="RE23008SS-14">14 </A>
Carpino LA.
Terry PH.
Crowley PJ.
J. Org. Chem.
1961,
26:
4336
<A NAME="RE23008SS-15">15 </A>
Heyman ML.
Snyder JP.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1973,
2859
<A NAME="RE23008SS-16">16 </A>
Masamune S.
Nakamura N.
Spadaro J.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1975,
97:
918
<A NAME="RE23008SS-17">17 </A>
Adam W.
Berkessel A.
Chem. Ber.
1985,
118:
5018
<A NAME="RE23008SS-18">18 </A>
Houben-Weyl
Methods of Organic Synthesis
4th ed., Vol. E21:
Helmchen G.
Hoffmann RW.
Mulzer E.
Thieme;
Stuttgart:
1995.
p.5469
<A NAME="RE23008SS-19A">19a </A>
Gillis BT.
Hagarty JD.
J. Org. Chem.
1967,
32:
330
<A NAME="RE23008SS-19B">19b </A>
Cookson RC.
Gilani SSH.
Stevens IDR.
J. Chem.
Soc. C
1967,
1905
<A NAME="RE23008SS-19C">19c </A>
Moore JA.
Muth R.
Sorace R.
J.
Org. Chem.
1974,
39:
3799
<A NAME="RE23008SS-19D">19d </A>
Snyder JP.
Bandurco VT.
Darack F.
Olsen H.
J. Am. Chem.
Soc.
1974,
96:
5158
<A NAME="RE23008SS-19E">19e </A>
Warmhoff H.
Kunz G.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
1981,
20:
797
<A NAME="RE23008SS-20">20 </A>
Corey EJ.
Snider BB.
J. Org. Chem.
1973,
38:
3632
<A NAME="RE23008SS-21A">21a </A>
Nelsen SF.
Hollinsed WC.
Grezzo LA.
Parmelee WP.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1979,
101:
7347
<A NAME="RE23008SS-21B">21b </A>
Kealy TJ.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1962,
84:
966
<A NAME="RE23008SS-22">22 </A>
Campbell JA.
Mackay D.
Sauer TD.
Can.
J. Chem.
1972,
50:
1568
<A NAME="RE23008SS-23">23 </A>
Miesel JL.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1974,
15:
3847
<A NAME="RE23008SS-24">24 </A>
Agmon I.
Kaftory M.
Nelsen SF.
Blackstock SC.
J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
1986,
108:
4477
<A NAME="RE23008SS-25">25 </A>
Pandey B.
Athawale AA.
Reddy RS.
Chem. Lett.
1991,
1173
<A NAME="RE23008SS-26">26 </A>
Anderson JE.
Lehn J.-M.
Tetrahedron
1968,
24:
123
<A NAME="RE23008SS-27A">27a </A>
Nomura Y.
Masai N.
Takeguchi Y.
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
1974,
307
<A NAME="RE23008SS-27B">27b </A>
Pérez Luna,
A.; unpublished results.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-28">28 </A>
Allred EL.
Anderson CL.
Smith RL.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1966,
9:
951
<A NAME="RE23008SS-29">29 </A>
Allred EL.
Smith RL.
J. Org. Chem.
1966,
31:
3498
<A NAME="RE23008SS-30">30 </A>
Allred EL.
Anderson CL.
Smith RL.
J. Org. Chem.
1966, 31:
3493
<A NAME="RE23008SS-31A">31a </A>
Burgess K.
Ohlmeyer MJ.
Chem.
Rev.
1991,
91:
1179
<A NAME="RE23008SS-31B">31b </A>
Beletskaya I.
Pelter A.
Tetrahedron
1997,
53:
4957
<A NAME="RE23008SS-31C">31c </A>
Hayashi T. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis
Jacobsen EN.
Pfaltz A.
Yamamoto H.
Springer-Verlag;
Berlin:
1999.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-31D">31d </A>
Crudden CM.
Edwards D.
Eur. J.
Org. Chem.
2003,
4695
<A NAME="RE23008SS-31E">31e </A>
Caroll A.-M.
O’Sullivan TP.
Guiry PJ.
Adv. Synth. Catal.
2005,
347:
609
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32A">32a </A>
Burgess K.
Ohlmeyer MJ.
J.
Org. Chem.
1988,
53:
5178
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32B">32b </A>
Hayashi T.
Matsumoto Y.
Ito Y.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1989,
111:
3426
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32C">32c </A>
Sato M.
Miyaura N.
Suzuki A.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1990,
31:
231
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32D">32d </A>
Brown JM.
Lloyd-Jones GC.
Tetrahedron:
Asymmetry
1991,
1:
869
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32E">32e </A>
Hayashi T.
Matsumoto Y.
Ito Y.
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
1991,
2:
601
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32F">32f </A>
Burgess K.
Van der Donk WA.
Ohlmeyer MJ.
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
1991,
2:
613
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32G">32g </A>
Zhang J.
Lou B.
Guo G.
Dai L.
J. Org. Chem.
1991,
56:
1670
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32H">32h </A>
Brown JM.
Hulmer DI.
Langzell TP.
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
1993,
1673
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32I">32i </A>
Togni A.
Breutel C.
Schnyder A.
Spindler F.
Landert H.
Tijani A.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1994,
116:
4062
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32J">32j </A>
Schnyder A.
Hintermann L.
Togni A.
Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
1995,
34:
931
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32K">32k </A>
Doucet H.
Fernandez E.
Layzell TP.
Brown JM.
Chem. Eur. J.
1999,
5:
1320
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32L">32l </A>
Brunel J.-M.
Buono G.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1999,
40:
3561
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32M">32m </A>
Fernandez E.
Maeda K.
Hooper MW.
Brown JM.
Chem. Eur. J.
2000,
6:
1840
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32N">32n </A>
McCarthy M.
Guiry P.
Polyhedron
2000,
19:
541
<A NAME="RE23008SS-32O">32o </A>
Demay S.
Volant F.
Knochel P.
Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed.
2001,
40:
1235
<A NAME="RE23008SS-33">33 </A>
Pérez Luna A.
Ceschi M.-A.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Husson H.-P.
J. Org. Chem.
2002,
67:
3522
<A NAME="RE23008SS-34">34 </A>
Bunlaksananusorn T.
Polborn K.
Knochel P.
Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed.
2003,
42:
3941
<A NAME="RE23008SS-35">35 </A>
The low reactivity and selectivity
observed with the QUINAP ligand could arise from the lower stability
of the catalytic species generated from neutral rhodium precatalyst (Prof.
J. M. Brown, personal communication to L.M.). Cationic rhodium sources
have not been evaluated with this ligand in this study.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-36">36 </A>
Pérez Luna, A.;
unpublished results.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-37">37 </A>
Bournaud C.
Thesis
Université Paris
Descartes;
France:
2006. a temperature-dependent
inversion of enantioselectivity has been observed with pinacolborane
in DME (but not in THF)
<A NAME="RE23008SS-38A">38a </A>
Evans DA.
Fu GC.
Hoveyda AH.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1992,
114:
6671
<A NAME="RE23008SS-38B">38b </A>
Westcott SA.
Marder TB.
Organometallics
1993,
12:
975
<A NAME="RE23008SS-39">39 </A>
Pérez Luna A.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Husson H.-P.
J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
2002,
124:
12098
<A NAME="RE23008SS-40">40 </A>
Bunlaksananusorn T.
Pérez Luna A.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Knochel P.
Synlett
2003,
2240
<A NAME="RE23008SS-41">41 </A>
Alexakis A.
Polet D.
Bournaud C.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Tetrahedron:
Asymmetry
2005,
16:
3672
<A NAME="RE23008SS-42A">42a </A>
Crudden CM.
Hleba YB.
Chen AC.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
2004,
126:
9200
<A NAME="RE23008SS-42B">42b </A>
Black A.
Brown JM.
Pichon C.
Chem.
Commun.
2005,
5284
<A NAME="RE23008SS-42C">42c </A>
Edwards DR.
Hleba YB.
Lata CJ.
Calhoun LA.
Crudden CM.
Angew. Chem. Int.
Ed.
2007,
46:
7799
<A NAME="RE23008SS-43A">43a </A>
Consiglio G.
Morandini F.
Scalone P.
Pino P.
J. Organomet.
Chem.
1985,
279:
195
<A NAME="RE23008SS-43B">43b </A>
Parrinello G.
Deschenaux R.
Stille JK.
J.
Org. Chem.
1986,
51:
4189
<A NAME="RE23008SS-43C">43c </A>
Parrinello G.
Stille JK.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1987,
109:
7122
<A NAME="RE23008SS-43D">43d </A>
Lu S.
Li X.
Wang A.
Catalysis
Today
2000,
63:
531
<A NAME="RE23008SS-43E">43e </A>
Huang J.
Bunel E.
Allgeier A.
Tedrow J.
Storz T.
Preston J.
Correl T.
Manley D.
Soukup T.
Jensen R.
Syed R.
Moniz G.
Larsen R.
Martinelli M.
Reider PJ.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2005,
46:
7831
<A NAME="RE23008SS-44">44 </A>
Wilson RM.
Schnapp KA.
Merwin RK.
Ranganathan R.
Moats DL.
Conrad TT.
J.
Org. Chem.
1986,
51:
4028
<A NAME="RE23008SS-45">45 </A>
Bournaud C.
Lecourt T.
Micouin L.
Méliet C.
Agbossou-Niedercorn F.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2008,
2298
<A NAME="RE23008SS-46">46 </A>
Ham S.-W.
Chang W.
Dowd P.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1989,
111:
4130
<A NAME="RE23008SS-47A">47a </A>
Mellor JM.
Smith NM.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1984,
2927
<A NAME="RE23008SS-47B">47b </A>
Grabowski S.
Armbruster J.
Prinzbach H.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1997,
38:
5485
<A NAME="RE23008SS-47C">47c </A>
Micouin L,
Dardel F,
Tisné-Vicrobeck C,
Maurice F,
Bonin M,
Bournaud C, and
Bégis G. inventors; WO
2006/024784 A2.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-48">48 </A>
Kolb HC.
Sharpless BK. In Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis
2nd
ed., Vol. 2:
Beller M.
Bolm C.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2004.
p.309
<A NAME="RE23008SS-49">49 </A>
Bournaud, C.; unpublished results.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-50">50 </A>
Storsberg J.
Nandakumar MV.
Sankaranarayanan S.
Kaufmann DE.
Adv.
Synth. Catal.
2001,
343:
177
<A NAME="RE23008SS-51A">51a </A>
Kaufmann DE,
Nandakumar MV, and
Storsberg J. inventors; WO 02/36528 A2.
;
Incorrect structural assignments have been reported several times
in this area, mainly because of the low resolution of NMR spectra
caused by several rotameric species
<A NAME="RE23008SS-51B">51b </A>
Yao M.-L.
Adiwidjaja G.
Kaufmann DE.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2002,
41:
3375
<A NAME="RE23008SS-52">52 </A>
Menard F.
Lautens M.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2008,
47:
2085
<A NAME="RE23008SS-53">53 </A>
Catellani M.
Motti E.
Della Ca’ N.
Acc. Chem. Res.
2008,
41:
1512
<A NAME="RE23008SS-54">54 </A>
Lautens M.
Mancuso J.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
69:
3478
<A NAME="RE23008SS-55">55 </A>
Tseng N.-W.
Mancuso J.
Lautens M.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
2006,
128:
5338
<A NAME="RE23008SS-56">56 </A>
Tenaglia A.
Marc S.
J. Org. Chem.
2006,
71:
3569
<A NAME="RE23008SS-57">57 </A>
Bigeault J.
Giordano L.
de Riggi I.
Gimbert Y.
Buono G.
Org.
Lett.
2007,
9:
3567
<A NAME="RE23008SS-58A">58a </A>
Allred EL.
Hinshaw JC.
Johnson AL.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1969,
91:
3382
<A NAME="RE23008SS-58B">58b </A>
Olsen H.
Snyder JP.
J. Am. Chem.
Soc.
1977,
99:
1524
<A NAME="RE23008SS-59">59 </A>
Pauson PL.
Khand IU.
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
1977,
295:
2
<A NAME="RE23008SS-60">60 </A>
Derdau V.
Laschat S.
J. Organomet. Chem.
2002,
642:
131
<A NAME="RE23008SS-61A">61a </A>
Warrener RN.
Bina S.
Butler DN.
Pitt IG.
Russel RA.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1990,
31:
7073
<A NAME="RE23008SS-61B">61b </A>
Warrener RN.
Pitt IG.
Nunn EE.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1994,
35:
621
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62A">62a </A>
Huisgen R.
Stangle H.
Sturm HJ.
Wagenhofer H.
Angew.
Chem.
1961,
73:
170
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62B">62b </A>
Huisgen R.
Moebius L.
Mueller G.
Stangl H.
Szeimies G.
Vernon JM.
Chem. Ber.
1965,
98:
3992
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62C">62c </A>
Wade PA.
Hinney HR.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1979,
101:
1319
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62D">62d </A>
Rieber N,
Boehm H,
Platz R, and
Fuchs W. inventors; EP 0046188 A1.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62E">62e </A>
Rieber N,
Platz R, and
Fuchs W. inventors; EP
0046192 A1.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-62F">62f </A>
Aitken RA.
Carcas K.
Hill L.
Massil T.
Raut SV.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1997,
53:
2261
<A NAME="RE23008SS-63">63 </A>
Kuderna JG.
Sims JW.
Wikstrom JF.
Soloway SB.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1959,
81:
382
<A NAME="RE23008SS-64">64 </A>
Sajisha VS.
Smitha M.
Anas S.
Radhakrishnan KV.
Tetrahedron
2006,
62:
3997
<A NAME="RE23008SS-65A">65a </A>
Radhakrishnan KV.
Sajisha VS.
Anas S.
Krishnan KS.
Synlett
2005,
2273
<A NAME="RE23008SS-65B">65b </A>
Sajisha VS.
Radhakrishnan KV.
Adv.
Synth. Catal.
2006,
348:
924
<A NAME="RE23008SS-66A">66a </A>
John J.
Sajisha VS.
Mohanlal S.
Radhakrishnan KV.
Chem. Commun.
2006,
3510
<A NAME="RE23008SS-66B">66b </A>
Anas S.
John J.
Sajisha VS.
John J.
Rajan R.
Suresh E.
Radhakrishnan KV.
Org.
Biomol. Chem.
2007,
5:
4010
<A NAME="RE23008SS-67">67 </A>
John J.
Anas S.
Sajisha VS.
Viji S.
Radhakrishnan KV.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
2007,
48:
7225
For related examples, see:
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68A">68a </A>
Bourgeois-Cury A.
Doan D.
Goré J.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1992,
33:
1277
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68B">68b </A>
Alonso DA.
Bertilsson SK.
Johnsson SY.
Nordin SJM.
Södergren MJ.
Andersson PG.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
2276
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68C">68c </A>
Miller A.
Procter G.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1990,
31:
1043
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68D">68d </A>
Mulvihill MJ.
Surman MD.
Miller MJ.
J. Org. Chem.
1998,
63:
4874
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68E">68e </A>
Surman MD.
Miller MJ.
Org.
Lett.
2001,
3:
519
<A NAME="RE23008SS-68F">68f </A>
Cowart M.
Bennett MJ.
Kerwin JF.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
2240
<A NAME="RE23008SS-69">69 </A>
Pérez Luna A.
Cesario M.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
4771
<A NAME="RE23008SS-70">70 </A>
Modern
Organocopper Chemistry
Krause N.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2002.
<A NAME="RE23008SS-71">71 </A>
Pineschi M.
Del Moro F.
Crotti P.
Macchia F.
Org. Lett.
2005,
7:
3605
<A NAME="RE23008SS-72">72 </A>
Bournaud C.
Falciola C.
Lecourt T.
Rosset S.
Alexakis A.
Micouin L.
Org. Lett.
2006,
8:
3581
<A NAME="RE23008SS-73">73 </A>
Palais L.
Mikhel IS.
Bournaud C.
Micouin L.
Falciola CA.
Vuagnoux-d’Augustin M.
Rosset S.
Bernardinelli G.
Alexakis A.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2007,
46:
7462
<A NAME="RE23008SS-74">74 </A>
Bertolini F.
Macchia F.
Pineschi M.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
2006,
47:
9173
<A NAME="RE23008SS-75">75 </A>
Crotti S.
Bertolini F.
Macchia F.
Pineschi M.
Chem. Commun.
2008,
3127
<A NAME="RE23008SS-76">76 </A>
Menard F.
Weise CF.
Lautens M.
Org.
Lett.
2007,
9:
5365
<A NAME="RE23008SS-77">77 </A>
Ellis JM.
King SB.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2002,
43:
5833
<A NAME="RE23008SS-78">78 </A>
Van Velduizen JJ.
Gillingham DG.
Garber SB.
Kataoka O.
Hoveyda AH.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2003,
125:
12502
<A NAME="RE23008SS-79">79 </A>
Berlin JM.
Goldberg SD.
Grubbs RH.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2006,
45:
7591
<A NAME="RE23008SS-80A">80a </A>
Arakawa Y.
Goto T.
Kawase K.
Yoshifuji S.
Chem. Pharm.
Bull.
1995,
43:
535
<A NAME="RE23008SS-80B">80b </A>
Arakawa Y.
Goto T.
Kawase K.
Yoshifuji S.
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
1998,
46:
674
<A NAME="RE23008SS-81">81 </A>
Frauenrath H.
Houben-Weyl Methods of Organic Synthesis
4th
ed., Vol. E21:
Helmchen G.
Hoffmann RW.
Mulzer E.
Thieme;
Stuttgart:
1995.
p.3671
<A NAME="RE23008SS-82A">82a </A>
Mackay D.
Campbell JA.
Jennison CPR.
Can. J. Chem.
1970,
48:
81
<A NAME="RE23008SS-82B">82b </A>
Campbell JA.
Mackay D.
Sauer TD.
Can. J. Chem.
1972,
50:
371
<A NAME="RE23008SS-82C">82c </A>
Chung CY.-J.
Mackay D.
Sauer TD.
Can. J. Chem.
1972,
50:
3315
<A NAME="RE23008SS-82D">82d </A>
Chung CY.-J.
Mackay D.
Sauer TD.
Can. J. Chem.
1972,
50:
1568
<A NAME="RE23008SS-83">83 </A>
Dao LH.
Mackay D.
Can. J. Chem.
1978,
56:
1724
<A NAME="RE23008SS-84">84 </A>
Martins A.
Lemouzy S.
Lautens M.
Org.
Lett.
2009,
11:
181
<A NAME="RE23008SS-85A">85a </A>
Raasch MS.
J. Org. Chem.
1975,
40:
161
<A NAME="RE23008SS-85B">85b </A>
Offereins B.
Altona C.
Romers C.
Acta
Crystallogr., Sect. B
1973,
29:
2098
<A NAME="RE23008SS-86">86 </A>
Bournaud C.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Org.
Lett.
2006,
8:
3041
<A NAME="RE23008SS-87">87 </A>
Feuvrie C.
Blanchet J.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
Org. Lett.
2004,
6:
2333
<A NAME="RE23008SS-88">88 </A>
Bournaud C.
Robic D.
Bonin M.
Micouin L.
J. Org. Chem.
2005,
70:
3316
<A NAME="RE23008SS-89">89 </A>
Chung F.
Tisné C.
Lecourt T.
Dardel F.
Micouin L.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2007,
46:
4489
<A NAME="RE23008SS-90">90 </A>
Lombès T.
Bégis G.
Maurice F.
Turcaud S.
Lecourt T.
Dardel F.
Micouin L.
ChemBioChem
2008,
9:
1368