An Overview of Embolic Agents

Sandeep Vaidya; Kathleen R. Tozer; Jarvis Chen

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085930

Seminars in Interventional Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin intervent Radiol 2008; 25(3): 204-215
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1085930

An Overview of Embolic Agents

Sandeep Vaidya¹ , Kathleen R. Tozer¹ , Jarvis Chen¹

¹Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Therapeutic embolization is a common procedure in interventional radiology. A wide variety of agents are available, and each has its own place and use. Additionally, many new agents have appeared on the market in the past several years. The aim of this review article is to give a brief description of available agents, guide appropriate selection, and familiarize the reader regarding appropriate use and limitations.

KEYWORDS

Embolization - Gelfoam - coils - glue - Onyx - polyvinyl alcohol - Embosphere

Full Text

References

REFERENCES

1 Speakman T J. Internal occlusion of a carotid-cavernous fistula. J Neurosurg. 1964; 21 303-315
2 Patel A A, Soulen M C. Agents for small vessel/tissue embolization and transcatheter tissue ablation. In: Baum S, Pentecost MJ Abrams' Angiography Interventional Radiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2006: 169-175
3 Tadavarthy S M, Moller J H, Amplatz K. Polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon)–a new embolic material. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1975; 125(3) 609-616
4 Tadavarthy S M, Knight L, Ovitt T W, Snyder C, Amplatz K. Therapeutic transcatheter arterial embolization. Radiology. 1974; 112 13-16
5 Derdeyn C P, Moran C J, DeWitte T C, Dietrich H H, Dacey J, Ralph G. Polyvinyl alcohol particle size and suspension characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995; 16 1335-1343
6 Derdeyn C P, Graves V B, Salamat M S, Rappe A. Collagen-coated acrylic microspheres for embolotherapy: in vivo and in vitro characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997; 18 647-653
7 Quisling R G, Mickle J P, Ballinger W B, Carver C C, Kaplan B. Histopathologic analysis of intraarterial polyvinyl alcohol microemboli in rat cerebral cortex. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1984; 5(1) 101-104
8 Spies J B, Cornell C, Worthington-Kirsch R, Lipman J C, Benenati J F. Long-term outcome from uterine fibroid embolization with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres: results of a multicenter study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007; 18(2) 203-207
9 Laurent A, Beaujeux R, Wassef M et al.. Trisacryl gelatin microspheres for therapeutic embolization, I: development and in vitro evaluation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996; 17 533-540
10 Beaujeux R, Laurent A, Wassef M et al.. Trisacryl gelatin microspheres for therapeutic embolization II: preliminary clinical evaluation in tumors and arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996; 17(3) 541-548
11 Gianturco C, Anderson J H, Wallace S. Mechanical devices for arterial occlusion. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1975; 124(3) 428-435
12 Goldstein H M, Wallace S, Anderson J H, Bree R L, Gianturco C. Transcatheter occlusion of abdominal tumors. Radiology. 1976; 120(3) 539-545
13 Wallace S, Gianturco C, Anderson J H et al.. Therapeutic vascular occlusion utilizing steel coil technique: clinical applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976; 127(3) 381-387
14 Chuang V P, Wallace S, Gianturco C, Soo C S. Complications of coil embolization: prevention and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1981; 137(4) 809-813
15 Vrachliotis T G, Falagas M E. Infections after endovascular coil embolization. J Endovasc Ther. 2007; 14(6) 805-806
16 Osuga K, Mikami K, Higashihara H et al.. Principles and techniques of transcatheter embolotherapy for peripheral vascular lesions. Radiat Med. 2006; 24(4) 309-314
17 Cook .Cook peripheral vascular. Available at: http://wwwcookmedicalcom/di/familyListingActiondo?family=Embolization + and + Occlusion Accessed Nov. 9, 2007
18 Ha-Kawa S K, Kariya H, Murata T, Tanaka Y. Successful transcatheter embolotherapy with a new platinum microcoil: the Berenstein liquid coil. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1998; 21(4) 297-299
19 Kallmes D F, Fujiwara N H. New expandable hydrogel-platinum coil hybrid device for aneurysm embolization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002; 23(9) 1580-1588
20 Ding Y H, Dai D, Lewis D A, Cloft H J, Kallmes D F. Angiographic and histologic analysis of experimental aneurysms embolized with platinum coils, Matrix, and HydroCoil. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005; 26(7) 1757-1763
21 Serbinenko F A. Balloon catheterization and occlusion of major cerebral vessels. J Neurosurg. 1974; 41(2) 125-145
22 Tuite D J, Kessel D O, Nicholson A A et al.. Initial clinical experience using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007; 30(4) 650-654
23 Ha C D, Calcagno D. Amplatzer Vascular Plug to occlude the internal iliac arteries in patients undergoing aortoiliac aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2005; 42(6) 1058-1062
24 Pollak J S, White Jr R I. The use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in peripheral embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001; 12 907-913
25 Raffi L, Simonetti L, Cenni P, Leonardi M. Use of Glubran 2 acrylic glue in interventional neuroradiology. Neuroradiology. 2007; 49 829-836
26 Taki W, Yonekawa Y, Iwata H et al.. A new liquid material for embolization of arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990; 11(1) 163-168
27 Onyx Liquid Embolic System. In: Micro Therapeutics Inc. 2003. Available at: http://www.ev3.net/neuro/us/liquid-embolics/onyx-liquid-embolic-system.htm Accessed Mar 8, 2008
28 Jahan R, Murayama Y, Gobin Y et al.. Embolization of arteriovenous malformations with Onyx: clinicopathological experience in 23 patients. Neurosurgery. 2001; 48(5) 984-995 discussion 995-987
29 Vanninen R L, Manninen I. Onyx, a new liquid embolic material for peripheral interventions: preliminary experience in aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007; 30(2) 196-200
30 Becker T A, Kipke D R, Brandon T. Calcium alginate gel: a biocompatible and mechanically stable polymer for endovascular embolization. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001; 54(1) 76-86
31 Becker T A, Preul M C, Bichard W D, Kipke D R, McDougall C G. Preliminary investigation of calcium alginate gel as a biocompatible material for endovascular aneurysm embolization in vivo. Neurosurgery. 2007; 60 1119-1128
32 Becker T A, Preul M C, Bichard W D, Kipke D R, McDougall C G. Calcium alginate gel as a biocompatible material for endovascular arteriovenous malformation embolization: six-month results in an animal model. Neurosurgery. 2005; 56 793-801

Sandeep VaidyaM.D.

Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, University of Washington

1959 NE Pacific Street, Box #357115, Seattle, WA 98195

Email: svaidya@u.washington.edu