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DOI: 10.1055/a-2697-9116
Funktionelle Extremitäten-Rekonstruktion – nur ein moderner Terminus oder doch Rekonstruktion 2.0
Functional Extremity Reconstruction: Just a Modern Term or Reconstruction 2.0?Authors
Zusammenfassung
Die orthoplastische Chirurgie etabliert sich zunehmend als essenzieller interdisziplinärer Ansatz in der Behandlung komplexer Extremitäten-Rekonstruktionen. Seit dem Beginn der ersten Kollaboration zwischen Orthopädie und Plastischer Chirurgie durch Sir H. Gillies und Kollegen bis hin zu modernen Gliedmaßen-Transplantationen, haben sich in den letzten 6 Dekaden zahlreiche neue Techniken entwickelt, die eine funktionelle Extremitäten-Rekonstruktion in den Fokus stellen. In der modernen Orthoplastischen Chirurgie wird es dem Anspruch der Patienten nicht mehr gerecht einen Defekt nur zu verschließen, ohne alle Gewebe und ihre Funktionen zu adressieren. Hierzu gehören nicht nur die Rekonstruktion der Haut und Unterhaut, sondern auch des Knochens, der muskulären Funktionseinheiten, der Nerven, der Gefäße inklusive Lymphsystem, die in ihrer Gesamtheit als modernes Behandlungskonzept eine Rekonstruktion 2.0 bedeuten können. Zentrales Element ist hierbei die frühe interdisziplinäre Fallbesprechung, bei der Behandlungspläne etabliert werden, die die Grundprinzipien beider Fachdisziplinen respektieren und funktionelle Endpunkte wie Schmerzfreiheit, Infektionskontrolle, Mobilität und berufliche Reintegration adressieren. Der Begriff der Funktionalität ist jedoch im internationalen Sprachgebrauch nicht hinreichend definiert. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, individuelle Techniken und Konzepte der modernen Mikrochirurgie und Plastischen Chirurgie in der Gesamtheit einer orthoplastischen Extremitätenrekonstruktion zu bewerten und anhand der Literatur und der eigenen klinischen Erfahrung dies in ein potentiell anzuwendendes Gesamtkonzept zu überführen.
Abstract
Orthoplastic surgery is increasingly establishing itself as an essential interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of complex limb reconstructions. Since the beginning of the first collaboration between orthopedics and reconstructive plastic surgeons initiated by Sir H. Gillies and colleagues through to modern limb transplants, numerous new techniques have been developed over the past six decades, focusing on functional limb reconstruction. In modern orthoplastic surgery, it is no longer sufficient to simply close a defect without addressing all tissues and their functions. This includes not only the reconstruction of the skin and subcutaneous envelope, but also of bone, functional muscle units, nerves, blood vessels, including the lymphatic system, together potentially laying the foundation for a modern “reconstruction 2.0” paradigm. A key element in this context is an early case presentation in interdisciplinary board meetings, in which treatment plans are established that respect the basic principles of both disciplines and address functional endpoints such as pain relief, infection control, mobility, and professional reintegration. However, there is still no international definition of the term “functionality”. The aim of this review is to evaluate individual techniques and concepts of modern microsurgery and plastic surgery in the context of orthoplastic limb reconstruction as a whole and, based on the literature and our own clinical experience, to translate this into a potentially applicable overall concept.
Schlüsselwörter
Motorische Ersatzoperation - Unterschenkelrekonstruktion - Mikorchirurgie der Lymphgefäße - Perforans-Lappenplastiken - InfektionKeywords
Functional muscle flap - lower extremity reconstruction - lymphatic microsurgery - infectionPublication History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 02 September 2025
Article published online:
11 December 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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