Characterization and Therapeutic Assessment of Phytomediated Silver Nanoparticles Produced from the Stem Bark of Bombax ceiba

Abstract

The study aims to develop an environmentally friendly method of producing silver nanoparticles using an extract from Bombax ceiba stem bark (Bc-AgNPs) and to investigate their potential medical applications, such as preventing blood cell damage, combating oxidation, and lowering inflammation. The synthesized Bc-AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The zeta potential examination revealed a highly stable colloidal solution of Bc-AgNPs with a surface charge of−14 mV. The synthesized Bc-AgNPs had a face-centred cubic structure with a crystalline size of 26 nm and an average grain size of 59.8 nm, as seen in the TEM images. Bc-AgNPs showed no hemolysis at varied concentrations, but B. ceiba stem bark extract at 100 µg/mL caused 16.8±1.9% hemolysis, and Triton X-100 (0.1%; positive control) caused 99.1±0.4% hemolysis. B. ceiba’s aqueous extract contained flavonoid and phenolic components, which enhanced Bc-AgNPs’ antioxidant capacity. The relative IC50 values were 28.03±0.98 µg/mL and 33.7±0.38 µg/mL. When compared to a reference medication, Bc-AgNPs demonstrated a moderate antiinflammatory effect, with IC50 values of 42.26±0.74 µg/mL for BSA and 50.93±1.07 µg/mL for egg albumin assay. According to the study, bio/hemocompatible Bc-AgNPs may be a viable treatment choice for antiinflammatory and antioxidant treatments.

Keywords

Antihemolytic activity - Antioxidant activity - Silver nanoparticles - Antiinflammatory activity - Biosynthesis

Publication History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted after revision: 04 August 2025

Article published online:
24 September 2025

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