Kernaussagen des Arbeitskreises Jodmangel e. V. (AKJ): mütterliche Hypothyroxinämie infolge von Jodmangel und endokrinen Disruptoren als Risiko für die kindliche neurokognitive Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

Jodmangel und dadurch bedingte Hypothyroxinämie bei der Mutter sowie die Auswirkungen sogenannter endokriner Disruptoren können einzeln, aber auch zusammen die embryonale und fetale Gehirnentwicklung negativ beeinflussen.

Dies ist das Ergebnis einer aktuellen Übersichtsarbeit der Autoren, in der insgesamt 279 Publikationen der vergangenen 30 Jahre zu den Auswirkungen eines leichten bis moderaten Jodmangels, verminderter mütterlicher Thyroxinwerte und dem Einfluss endokriner Disruptoren auf die kindliche Gehirnentwicklung während der Schwangerschaft untersucht und kritisch diskutiert wurden.

Eine ausreichende Jodversorgung für alle Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter ist wichtig, um negative psychische und soziale Folgen für ihre Kinder zu verhindern. Eine zusätzliche Bedrohung für das Schilddrüsenhormonsystem ist die allgegenwärtige Exposition gegenüber endokrinen Disruptoren, welche die Auswirkungen von Jodmangel bei schwangeren Frauen auf die neurokognitive Entwicklung ihrer Nachkommen verstärken könnten. Die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Jodzufuhr ist daher nicht nur für eine gesunde fetale und neonatale Entwicklung im Allgemeinen von entscheidender Bedeutung, sondern könnte auch die möglichen Auswirkungen endokriner Disruptoren abschwächen oder verhindern.

Infolge des derzeitigen defizitären Jodstatus von Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter sowie auch von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und den meisten europäischen Ländern sind dringend Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Jodversorgung der Bevölkerung erforderlich.

Deshalb sollte nach Auffassung des AKJ insbesondere junge Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter empfohlen werden, Jodpräparate schon mindestens 3 Monate vor der Konzeption und während der Schwangerschaft kontinuierlich zu sich zu nehmen. Darüber hinaus sollten dringend detaillierte Strategien zur Erkennung und Reduzierung der Exposition gegenüber endokrinen Disruptoren gemäß dem Vorsorgeprinzip entwickelt werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Jodmangel - Schwangerschaft - Hypothyroxinämie - neurokognitive Entwicklung - endokrine Disruptoren

Publication History

Received: 08 October 2024

Accepted after revision: 07 December 2024

Article published online:
26 March 2025

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