J Reconstr Microsurg 2025; 41(05): 450-458
DOI: 10.1055/a-2404-2445
Review Article

Embracing Robotics in Microsurgery: Robotic-Assisted Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction

Joshua Choe
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Christopher Aiello
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Jina Yom
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Raquel A. Minasian
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Gainosuke Sugiyama
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Mark L. Smith
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
,
Jesse C. Selber
2   Department of Surgery, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
,
Neil Tanna
1   Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
› Institutsangaben
Funding None.

Abstract

The integration of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has transformed various surgical disciplines, including more recently plastic surgery. While RAS has gained acceptance in multiple specialties, its integration in plastic surgery has been gradual, challenging traditional open methods. Robotic-assisted deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction is a technique aimed at overcoming drawbacks associated with the traditional open DIEP flap approach. These limitations include a relatively large fascial incision length, potentially increasing rates of postoperative pain, abdominal bulge, hernia rates, and core weakening. The robotic-assisted DIEP flap technique emerges as an innovative and advantageous approach in fascial-sparing abdominal autologous breast reconstruction. While acknowledging certain challenges such as increased operative time, ongoing refinements are expected to further improve the overall surgical experience, optimize results, and solidify the role of robotics in advancing reconstructive microsurgical procedures in plastic surgery. Herein, the authors provide an overview of robotic surgery in the context of plastic surgery and its role in the DIEP flap harvest for breast reconstruction.

Note

This manuscript has not been presented at any meetings.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 20. Februar 2024

Angenommen: 12. August 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
27. August 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. Oktober 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 
  • References

  • 1 Bishop SN, Selber JC. Minimally invasive robotic breast reconstruction surgery. Gland Surg 2021; 10 (01) 469-478
  • 2 https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/25/science/a-robot-arm-assists-in-3-brain-operations.html
  • 3 George EI, Brand TC, LaPorta A, Marescaux J, Satava RM. Origins of robotic surgery: from skepticism to standard of care. JSLS 2018; 22 (04) e2018
  • 4 Pugin F, Bucher P, Morel P. History of robotic surgery: from AESOP® and ZEUS® to da Vinci®. J Visc Surg 2011; 148 (5, Suppl): e3-e8
  • 5 Henn D, Trotsyuk AA, Barrera JA. et al. Robotics in plastic surgery: it's here. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152 (01) 239-249
  • 6 Selber JC. Can I make robotic surgery make sense in my practice?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139 (03) 781e-792e
  • 7 Kudsi OY, Bou-Ayash N, Chang K, Gokcal F. Perioperative and midterm outcomes of emergent robotic repair of incarcerated ventral and incisional hernia. J Robot Surg 2021; 15 (03) 473-481
  • 8 Chung JH, You HJ, Kim HS, Lee BI, Park SH, Yoon ES. A novel technique for robot assisted latissimus dorsi flap harvest. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 68 (07) 966-972
  • 9 Selber JC, Baumann DP, Holsinger CF. Robotic harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle: laboratory and clinical experience. J Reconstr Microsurg 2012; 28 (07) 457-464
  • 10 Gkegkes ID, Minis EE, Iavazzo C. Robotic-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy: a systematic review. J Robot Surg 2019; 13 (01) 1-8
  • 11 Tanna N, Sugiyama G, Smith ML. et al. The full continuum of robotic breast surgery: robotic-assisted mastectomy, robotic DIEP flap, and robotic supermicrosurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2023; 11 (12) e5491
  • 12 Aitzetmüller MM, Klietz ML, Dermietzel AF, Hirsch T, Kückelhaus M. Robotic-assisted microsurgery and its future in plastic surgery. J Clin Med 2022; 11 (12) 3378
  • 13 Toyserkani NM, Jørgensen MG, Tabatabaeifar S, Damsgaard T, Sørensen JA. Autologous versus implant-based breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Breast-Q patient-reported outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73 (02) 278-285
  • 14 Brown M, Namnoum JD. Indications and controversies for implant-only based breast reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 2018; 45 (01) 47-54
  • 15 Liu C, Zhuang Y, Momeni A. et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction after microsurgical abdominal flap versus staged expander/implant breast reconstruction: a critical study of unilateral immediate breast reconstruction using patient-reported outcomes instrument BREAST-Q. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146 (01) 117-126
  • 16 Nahabedian MY. The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: where we started and where we are now. Gland Surg 2023; 12 (05) 696-703
  • 17 Opsomer D, Vyncke T, Ryx M, Stillaert F, Van Landuyt K, Blondeel P. Comparing the lumbar and SGAP flaps to the DIEP flap using the BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146 (03) 276e-282e
  • 18 Granzow JW, Levine JL, Chiu ES, Allen RJ. Breast reconstruction using perforator flaps. J Surg Oncol 2006; 94 (06) 441-454
  • 19 Healy C, Allen Sr RJ. The evolution of perforator flap breast reconstruction: twenty years after the first DIEP flap. J Reconstr Microsurg 2014; 30 (02) 121-125
  • 20 Shakir S, Spencer AB, Kozak GM, Nathan SL, Soriano IS, Kanchwala SK. Laparoscopically assisted DIEP flap harvest minimizes fascial incision in autologous breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146 (03) 265e-275e
  • 21 Selber JC. The robotic DIEP flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145 (02) 340-343
  • 22 Bishop SN, Asaad M, Liu J. et al. Robotic harvest of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction: a case series. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149 (05) 1073-1077
  • 23 Dobbs TD, Cundy O, Samarendra H, Khan K, Whitaker IS. A systematic review of the role of robotics in plastic and reconstructive surgery-from inception to the future. Front Surg 2017; 4: 66
  • 24 Boyd B, Umansky J, Samson M, Boyd D, Stahl K. Robotic harvest of internal mammary vessels in breast reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg 2006; 22 (04) 261-266
  • 25 Patel NV, Pedersen JC. Robotic harvest of the rectus abdominis muscle: a preclinical investigation and case report. J Reconstr Microsurg 2012; 28 (07) 477-480
  • 26 Wittesaele W, Vandevoort M. Implementing the robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in daily practice: a series of 10 cases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75 (08) 2577-2583
  • 27 Daar DA, Anzai LM, Vranis NM. et al. Robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator flap harvest in breast reconstruction. Microsurgery 2022; 42 (04) 319-325
  • 28 Lee MJ, Won J, Song SY. et al. Clinical outcomes following robotic versus conventional DIEP flap in breast reconstruction: a retrospective matched study. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 989231
  • 29 van Mulken TJM, Schols RM, Scharmga AMJ. et al; MicroSurgical Robot Research Group. First-in-human robotic supermicrosurgery using a dedicated microsurgical robot for treating breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized pilot trial. Nat Commun 2020; 11 (01) 757
  • 30 Koehn JK, Kuchenbecker KJ. Surgeons and non-surgeons prefer haptic feedback of instrument vibrations during robotic surgery. Surg Endosc 2015; 29 (10) 2970-2983
  • 31 Okamura AM. Haptic feedback in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. Curr Opin Urol 2009; 19 (01) 102-107
  • 32 Dayaratna N, Ahmadi N, Mak C, Dusseldorp JR. Robotic-assisted deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap harvest for breast reconstruction. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93 (04) 1072-1074
  • 33 Tsai CY, Kim BS, Kuo WL. et al. Novel port placement in robot-assisted DIEP flap harvest improves visibility and bilateral DIEP access: early controlled cohort study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152 (04) 590e-595e
  • 34 Manrique OJ, Bustos SS, Mohan AT. et al. Robotic-assisted DIEP flap harvest for autologous breast reconstruction: a comparative feasibility study on a cadaveric model. J Reconstr Microsurg 2020; 36 (05) 362-368
  • 35 Rudmik L, An W, Livingstone D. et al. Making a case for high-volume robotic surgery centers: a cost-effectiveness analysis of transoral robotic surgery. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112 (02) 155-163