Bedeutung neuer Alkoholbiomarker in der Eignungsbegutachtung von Verkehrsteilnehmern

Zusammenfassung

Die direkten Alkoholkonsummarker Ethylglucuronid (EtG) in Urin und Haaren sowie Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) im Blut sind die Biomarker der Wahl bei einer Überprüfung einer Eignung gerade auch im Straßenverkehr. Die Bestimmung von EtG im Urin kann nur für unvorhersehbar anberaumte Abstinenzkontrollen eingesetzt werden, erlaubt aber keine weiterführende Interpretation bzgl. eines Konsumverhaltens. Die Bestimmung von EtG im Haar kann bei einem Cutoff von 5 pg/mg als Abstinenzkontrolle erfolgen, bis unter 30 pg/mg kann man ansonsten von einem moderaten, sozial angepasstem Konsumverhalten ausgehen. PEth im Blut eignet sich mit einem Cutoff von 20 ng/mL ebenfalls für Abstinenzkontrollen, Werte ab 210 ng/mL sprechen für einen übermäßigen Alkoholkonsum. PEth, das viel schneller auf Änderungen des Konsumverhaltens reagiert, als die Konzentration von EtG im Haar, wird auch eingesetzt in der analytischen Begleitung des Kontrollierten Trinkens nach Körkel. Der derzeitig dafür propagierte Cutoff von 100 ng/mL ist ggf. noch nach unten zu korrigieren. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Alkoholkonsummarker werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Abstract

The direct alcohol consumption markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in urine and hair as well as phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood are the biomarkers of choice when checking aptitude, especially in road traffic. The determination of EtG in urine can only be used for unannounced abstinence checks but does not allow any further interpretation regarding the consumption behavior. The determination of EtG in hair can be carried out for abstinence purposes using a cutoff of 5 pg/mg; otherwise, up to less than 30 pg/mg, a moderate, socially adapted consumption behavior can be assumed. With a cutoff of 20 ng PEth/mL blood, this marker is also suitable for checking abstinence; values above 210 ng/mL indicate excessive alcohol consumption. PEth, which reacts much more quickly to changes in consumption behavior compared to the concentration of EtG in hair, is also used in the analytical support of controlled drinking according to Körkel. The cutoff of 100 ng PEth/mL blood currently suggested for this purpose may need to be revised downwards. The possibilities and limitations of these alcohol consumption markers are presented and discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Alkoholkonsummarker - Fahreignung - Ethylglucuronid - Phosphatidylethanol

Keywords

alcohol biomarker - driving ability - ethylglucuronide - phosphytidylethanol

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
12. August 2024

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