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Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(S 01): e2376-e2382
DOI: 10.1055/a-2113-8733
Original Article

Validation and Feasibility of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinal Screening Criteria at a Level IV Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Barbara Johnson 
1   Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
,
Abhishek Makkar
1   Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
,
Rachel Sessler
1   Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
,
Lise DeShea
1   Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
,
R Michael Siatkowski
2   Department of Ophthalmology and Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
,
Faizah N. Bhatti 
1   Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2   Department of Ophthalmology and Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
› Author Affiliations
Funding This work was supported by the Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. This study's use of REDCap was supported in part by Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resource (OSCTR), NIH grant U54GM104938, and in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., NY, NY (RMS, FB).
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Abstract

Objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is detected in preterm infants by standardized screening programs, but in general, they have poor sensitivity. The Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) algorithm uses weight gain to predict ROP superior reported sensitivity. Our objectives are to (1) independently validate the sensitivity of G-ROP criteria for the detection of ROP in infants born at >28 weeks' gestation in a tertiary care unit in the United States and (2) to calculate the cost savings associated with a potential reduction in examinations.

Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of retinal screening examination data, with post-hoc application of G-ROP criteria to determine whether G-ROP criteria had acceptable sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Type 1 and Type 2 ROP. All infants born at >28 weeks who were screened by current American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmologists/American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines at Oklahoma Children's Hospital at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, between 2014 and 2019, were included. Subset analysis of infants screened by second tier criteria was also performed. Potential cost savings were estimated by analyzing frequency of billing codes. And by calculating the number of infants who could have potentially been spared examination.

Results The G-ROP criteria had 100% sensitivity in detecting type 1 and 87.6% sensitivity in detecting type 2 ROP, which would have reduced infants screened by 50%. All infants in the second tier who would require treatment were detected. A cost saving of 49% was projected.

Conclusion The G-ROP criteria are easy to apply in real-world setting, thus establishing feasibility. The algorithm identified all cases of type 1 ROP; however, some cases of type 2 ROP were not detected. The annual savings in hospital examination cost by using these criteria would be 50%. Therefore, G-ROP criteria can safely be used to screen for ROP and may reduce the number of unnecessary examinations.

Key Points

  • The G-ROP screening criteria are safe and predict 100% of treatment warranted ROP.

  • Adoption of G-ROP criteria is feasible for level IV NICUs.

  • Adoption of G-ROP screening guidelines will result in significant cost savings.

Keywords

retinopathy of prematurity - standardized screening programs - cost analysis - level IV NICU

Authors' Contributions

B.J. was responsible for acquisition and interpretation of data, revision of the article, and final approval.


A.M. was responsible for conception and design, interpretation of data, drafting and revision of the article, and final approval.


R.S. was responsible for acquisition and interpretation of data, revision of article, and final approval.


L.D. was responsible for analysis and interpretation of data, revision of article, and final approval.


R.M.S. was responsible for the interpretation of data, drafting and revision of article, and final approval.


F.B. was responsible for conception and design, acquisition, and interpretation of data, drafting and revision of article, and final approval.




Publication History

Received: 16 February 2023

Accepted: 19 June 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
20 June 2023

Article published online:
24 July 2023

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