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J Reconstr Microsurg 2024; 40(02): 139-144
DOI: 10.1055/a-2085-7661
Original Article

The Evolution of the Reconstructive Strategy for Elbow Flexion for Acute C5, C6 Brachial Plexus Injuries over Two Decades

Ying-Hsuan Lee 
1   Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
,
Johnny Chuieng-Yi Lu
1   Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
,
Alvin Wong
2   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
,
Tommy Nai-Jen Chang
1   Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
,
David Chwei-Chin Chuang 
1   Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract

Background Over the course of the past two decades, improved outcomes following brachial plexus reconstruction have been attributed to newer nerve transfer techniques. However, key factors aside from surgical techniques have brought improved consistency to elbow flexion techniques in the latter decade.

Methods One-hundred seventeen patients who underwent brachial plexus reconstruction from 1996 to 2006 were compared with 120 patients from 2007 to 2017. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively to assess the recovery time and of elbow flexion strength.

Results In the first decade, nerve reconstruction methods included proximal nerve grafting, intercostal nerve transfer, and Oberlin-I transfer. In the second decade, newer methods such as double fascicular transfer and ipsilateral C7 division transfer to the anterior division of upper trunk were introduced. About 78.6% of the first decade group versus 87.5% of the second decade group were able to reach M3 flexion strength (p = 0.04), with shorter time recovery to reach M3 in the 2nd decade. About 59.8% of the first decade group versus 65.0% of the second decade group were able to reach M4 (p = 0.28), but no significant difference in time of recovery. In both groups, the double fascicular nerve transfer had the highest impact when introduced in the second decade. More precise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques helped to diagnose the level of injury, the roots involved and evaluate the health of the donor nerves in preparation for intraplexus transfer.

Conclusion In addition to modified techniques in nerve transfers, (1) MRI-assisted evaluation and surgical exploration of the roots with (2) more judicious choice of donor nerves for primary nerve transfer were factors that ensured reliable and outcomes in the second decade.

Keywords

brachial plexus injury - C5-C6 - nerve transfer - elbow flexion

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 27 November 2022

Accepted: 21 April 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
03 May 2023

Article published online:
12 June 2023

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