Zusammenfassung
Zu den neuroophthalmologischen Erkrankungen gehören Läsionen der Sehbahn
einschließlich der Retina und des Sehnervs, Anomalien der Augenstellung und/oder
-motilität sowie Pupillenstörungen [1]. CT und
MRT spielen bei der Diagnosestellung, der Ausbreitung eines Krankheitsprozesses
und differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen eine herausragende Rolle. Ziel
dieses Fortbildungsartikels ist es, dem Augenarzt einen Überblick über diese
Untersuchungsverfahren und ihren Einsatz bei für den Augenarzt relevanten
Erkrankungen zu geben.
Abstract
Computer tomography (CT) and magnet resonance imaging (MRI) are valuable imaging
tools in order to examine various pathologies of the visual pathways. The
advantage of CT is its short acquisition time of a few minutes, its availability
making it an ideal tool in emergency medicine. It is extremely valuable in
patients with cranio-cerebral trauma when an orbital or skull fracture or an
intracerebral haemorrhage has to be assessed. In addition, CT-Angiography is
used in the management of patients with an acute stroke. CT is mandatory to
visualize the orbit in many conditions. The most important disadvantage is its
use of ionizing radiation. Thus, CT is contraindicated in pregnant woman.
Contrast of soft tissue as brain tissue is inferior compared to MRI. The latter
has a high sensitivity in visualizing all kind of brain pathologies including
tumours, inflammatory conditions or brain oedema as a result of a stroke. In
contrast to CT, MRI (without contrast agent) can be used in pregnant women. The
disadvantages of MRI are its long acquisition time, its contraindication in
patients with metallic implants including pacemaker and its low resolution of
bony tissue. Both imaging tools are often used in a complementary way in many
orbital diseases, pathologies affecting bony structures, pathologies with
calcifications and in stroke patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Neuroradiologie der Sehbahn - Computertomografie - CT - Kernspintomografie - MRT
Key words
neuroimaging - visual pathways - computer tomography - CT - magnet resonance imaging
- MRI
