Ultraschall Med 2023; 44(01): 75-80
DOI: 10.1055/a-1452-8379
Original Article

Interoperator Reliability of Lung Ultrasound during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Inter-Operator-Reliabilität des Lungenultraschalls in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Chiara De Molo
1   Interventional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
,
Silvia Consolini
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Veronica Salvatore
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Alice Grignaschi
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Antonella Lanotte
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Livia Masi
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Fabrizio Giostra
2   Emergency department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
,
Carla Serra
1   Interventional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Aim Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a reliable, radiation-free, and bedside imaging technique used to assess several pulmonary diseases. Although COVID-19 is diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal swab, detection of pulmonary involvement is crucial for safe patient discharge. Computed tomography (CT) is currently the gold standard. To treat paucisymptomatic patients, we have implemented a “fast track” pathway in our emergency department, using LUS as a valid alternative. Minimal data is available in the literature about interobserver reliability and the level of expertise needed to perform a reliable examination. Our aim was to assess these.

Materials and Methods This was a single-center prospective study. We enrolled 96 patients. 12 lung areas were explored in each patient with a semiquantitative assessment of pulmonary aeration loss in order to obtain the LUS score. Scans were performed by two different operators, an expert and a novice, who were blinded to their colleague’s results.

Results 96 patients were enrolled. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed excellent agreement between the expert and the novice operator (ICC 0.975; 0.962–0.983); demographic features (age, sex, and chronic pulmonary disease) did not influence the reproducibility of the method. The ICC was 0.973 (0.950–0.986) in males, 0.976 (0.959–0.986) in females; 0.965 (0.940–0.980) in younger patients (≤ 46 yrs), and 0.973 (0.952–0.985) in older (> 46 yrs) patients. The ICC was 0.967 (0.882–0.991) in patients with pulmonary disease and 0.975 (0.962–0.984) in the other patients. The learning curve showed an increase in interobserver agreement.

Conclusion Our results confirm the feasibility and reproducibility of the method among operators with different levels of expertise, with a rapid learning curve.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Lungenultraschall (LUS) ist ein zuverlässiges, strahlungsfreies und bettseitiges Bildgebungsverfahren, das zur Beurteilung verschiedener Lungenerkrankungen eingesetzt wird. Obwohl die Diagnose von COVID-19 mittels Nasopharyngealabstrich erfolgt, ist der Nachweis einer pulmonalen Beteiligung für die sichere Entlassung des Patienten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Computertomografie (CT) ist derzeit der Goldstandard. Um paucisymptomatische Patienten zu behandeln, haben wir in unserer Notaufnahme einen „Fast Track“-Pfad implementiert, der LUS als valide Alternative nutzt. In der Literatur gibt es nur wenige Daten zur Inter-Observer-Reliabilität und den Grad der Expertise, die für eine zuverlässige Untersuchung erforderlich sind. Unser Ziel war es daher, diese zu bewerten.

Material und Methoden Es handelte sich um eine prospektive Single-Center-Studie. Wir haben 96 Patienten eingeschlossen. Bei jedem Patienten wurden 12 Lungenbereiche mit semiquantitativer Bewertung des pulmonalen Belüftungsverlustes untersucht, um den LUS-Score zu erhalten. Die Scans wurden von 2 verschiedenen Anwendern, einem Experten und einem Neuling, durchgeführt, die gegenüber den Ergebnissen ihres Kollegen verblindet waren.

Ergebnisse 96 Patienten wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Der Intraklassen-Korrelationskoeffizient (ICC) zeigte eine ausgezeichnete Übereinstimmung zwischen dem Experten und dem Neuanwender (ICC 0,975; 0,962–0,983). Demografische Merkmale (Alter, Geschlecht und chronische Lungenerkrankung) hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Reproduzierbarkeit der Methode. Der ICC betrug 0,973 (0,950–0,986) bei Männern; 0,976 (0,959–0,986) bei Frauen; 0,965 (0,940–0,980) bei jüngeren Patienten (≤ 46 Jahre) und 0,973 (0,952–0,985) bei älteren Patienten (> 46 Jahre). Der ICC betrug 0,967 (0,882–0,991) bei Patienten mit Lungenerkrankungen und 0,975 (0,962–0,984) bei den anderen Patienten. Die Lernkurve zeigte einen Anstieg der Inter-Observer-Übereinstimmung.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die Durchführbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Methode bei Anwendern mit unterschiedlichem Fachwissen mit einer schnellen Lernkurve.



Publication History

Received: 13 July 2020

Accepted: 10 March 2021

Article published online:
15 April 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
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