TumorDiagnostik & Therapie 2019; 40(02): 121-131
DOI: 10.1055/a-0843-0098
Thieme Onkologie aktuell
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Checkpoint-Inhibitoren: Die neue Immuntherapie bei gastrointestinalen Karzinomen

Markus Moehler
1   I. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
,
Friedrich Foerster
1   I. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
2   Institut für Translationale Immunologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
06 March 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Die Immuntherapie erfährt viel Aufmerksamkeit in der Krebsmedizin wegen beachtlicher therapeutischer Erfolge bei zahlreichen Tumorarten. Die zentrale Medikamentengruppe sind die Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CI) – für ihre Entdeckung wurde 2018 der Nobelpreis für Medizin verliehen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die bereits vorhandene Evidenz und den aktuellen Stellenwert von CI bei der Therapie gastrointestinaler Tumoren.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Couzin-Frankel J. Breakthrough of the year 2013. Cancer immunotherapy. Science 2013; 342: 1432-1433 . doi:10.1126/science.342.6165.1432
  • 2 Sharma P, Allison JP. Immune checkpoint targeting in cancer therapy: toward combination strategies with curative potential. Cell 2015; 161: 205-214 . doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.030
  • 3 Kudo T, Hamamoto Y, Kato K. et al. Nivolumab treatment for oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 631-639 . doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30181-X
  • 4 Doi T, Piha-Paul SA, Jalal SI. et al. Safety and antitumor activity of the anti-programmed death-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 61-67 . doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.74.9846
  • 5 Kang YK, Boku N, Satoh T. et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION‑2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017; 390: 2461-2471 . doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31827-5
  • 6 Muro K, Chung HC, Shankaran V. et al. Pembrolizumab for patients with PD‑L1-positive advanced gastric cancer (KEYNOTE‑012): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 717-726 . doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16) 00175-3
  • 7 Fuchs CS, Doi T, Jang RW. et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: phase 2 clinical KEYNOTE‑059 trial. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4: e180013 . doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0013
  • 8 Shitara K, Ozguroglu M, Bang YJ. et al. Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated, advanced gastric or gastrooesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE‑061): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2018; 392: 123-133 . doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31257-1
  • 9 Bang YJ, Ruiz EY, Van Cutsem E. et al. Phase 3, randomised trial of avelumab versus physicianʼs choice of chemotherapy as third-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer: primary analysis of JAVELIN Gastric 300. Ann Oncol 2018; DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy264.
  • 10 Bang YJ, Cho JY, Kim YH. et al. Efficacy of sequential ipilimumab monotherapy versus best supportive care for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23: 5671-5678 . doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0025
  • 11 Overman MJ, McDermott R, Leach JL. et al. Nivolumab in patients with metastatic DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CheckMate 142): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 1182-1191 . doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30422-9
  • 12 Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN. et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD‑1 blockade. Science 2017; 357: 409-413 . doi:10.1126/science.aan6733
  • 13 Overman MJ, Lonardi S, Wong KYM. et al. Durable clinical benefit with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in DNA mismatch repairdeficient/microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36: 773-779 . doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.76.9901
  • 14 El-Khoueiry AB, Sangro B, Yau T. et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial. Lancet 2017; 389: 2492-2502 . doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31046-2
  • 15 Duffy AG, Ulahannan SV, Makorova-Rusher O. et al. Tremelimumab in combination with ablation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2017; 66: 545-551 . doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.029
  • 16 Czink E, Kloor M, Goeppert B. et al. Successful immune checkpoint blockade in a patient with advanced stage microsatellite-unstable biliary tract cancer. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3: pii: a001974 . doi:10.1101/mcs.a001974
  • 17 Moehler M, Delic M, Goepfert K. et al. Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer: Recent results, current studies and future perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2016; 59: 160-170 . doi:10.1016/j. ejca.2016.02.020