Die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen während und nach der Schwangerschaft: Der Einfluss von Übergewicht und Adipositas

Zusammenfassung

Ziele Übergewicht und Adipositas in der Schwangerschaft sowie Figur- und Gewichtssorgen sind mit erhöhter physischer und psychischer Belastung assoziiert. Bisher ist allerdings wenig über die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen bei schwangeren Frauen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas sowie Zusammenhänge mit der psychischen Gesundheit bekannt.

Methodik Die Studienteilnehmerinnen (N = 218) füllten validierte Fragebögen zu Figur- und Gewichtssorgen (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire), Depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) und Stress (Perceived Stress Scale) in der 18.–22. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) (T1), der 28.–32. SSW (T2) und 12 bis 16 Wochen nach der Geburt (T3) aus. Der Einfluss von Body Mass Index (BMI) auf Figur- und Gewichtssorgen wurde mittels ANCOVAs mit Messwiederholungen untersucht. Korrelationen und multiple Regressionsmodelle wurden angewandt, um Zusammenhänge zwischen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen und der Depressions- und Stresssymptomatik zu explorieren.

Ergebnisse Frauen mit Übergewicht berichteten zwischen der 28.–32. SSW und der 12.–16. Woche nach der Geburt eine stärkere Zunahme von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen als normalgewichtige Frauen. In adjustieren Analysen sagten Figur- und Gewichtssorgen zu T1 über alle BMI-Kategorien hinweg Depressions- und Stresssymptome zu T3 vorher.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass vor allem die Zeit nach der Entbindung eine Risikoperiode für die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen bei Frauen mit erhöhtem BMI ist. Köperbildspezifische Interventionen vor und nach der Geburt könnten dazu beitragen, die psychische Belastung von Frauen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas zu verringern.

Abstract

Aim Overweight and obesity during pregnancy and shape/weight concerns are associated with psychological distress. To date, there is a paucity of research on the evolution of shape/weight concerns of pregnant women with overweight and obesity.

Methods Participants (N = 218) completed validated questionnaires assessing shape/weight concerns (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire), depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale) at 18 to 22 weeks of gestation (T1), 28 to 32 weeks of gestation (T2) and 12 to 16 weeks postpartum (T3). Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on shape/weight concerns. Correlations and multiple regressions models were applied to explore associations between shape/weight concerns and symptoms of depression and stress.

Results Overweight women reported a stronger increase in shape/weight concerns between T2 and T3 than normal weight women. Shape/weight concerns at T1 predicted symptoms of depression and stress across all BMI categories after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions Results show that women with an increased BMI are at risk of developing weight/shape concerns in the period after birth. Intervention targeting women’s body image before and after birth might prove effective in promoting mental health among women with overweight and obesity.

Schlüsselwörter

Übergewicht - Adipositas - Schwangerschaft - Körperbild - psychische Gesundheit

Key words

overweight - obesity - pregnancy - body image - mental health

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