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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018; 235(11): 1212-1217
DOI: 10.1055/a-0715-7918
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Sehschärfe, Kontrastempfindlichkeit, Farbensehen: Gedanken zu psychophysischen Untersuchungen in der Neuroophthalmologie

Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Colour Vision: Thoughts on Psychophysical Exams in Neuro-ophthalmology
Sven P. Heinrich
1   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg
,
Michael B. Hoffmann
2   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg
3   Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 02 July 2018

akzeptiert 20 August 2018

Publication Date:
20 November 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Trotz aller technischen Fortschritte in der ophthalmologischen Diagnostik spielt die psychophysische Untersuchung der individuellen Sehleistungen weiterhin eine wichtige Rolle. Dies gilt insbesondere für neuroophthalmologische Fragestellungen. Der vorliegende Artikel betrachtet methodische und klinische Aspekte der Untersuchung von Sehschärfe, Kontrastempfindlichkeit und Farbsehvermögen. Im Gegensatz zur Sehschärfe wird die Kontrastempfindlichkeit bislang nur selten untersucht, obgleich ihre Reduktion in vielen Fällen ein sensitiverer Indikator einer Erkrankung ist. Generell haben standardisierte Verfahren, wie sie insbesondere für die Sehschärfeprüfung existieren, den Vorteil der Vergleichbarkeit. Vom Standard abweichende Verfahren können hierbei jedoch unter Umständen die spezifischen, für eine Erkrankung charakteristischen Sehstörungen besser erfassen, sodass deren Anwendung im konkreten Einzelfall gerechtfertigt ist. Dies zeichnet sich auch für die Testung des Farbensehens ab. Bisherige Studien deuten darauf hin, dass die Messung der Farbsättigungsschwelle bei erworbenen Farbsehstörungen eine effiziente und sensitive Alternative zu herkömmlichen Farbsehtests darstellen könnte.

Abstract

Despite many technical advances, psychophysical testing of perceptual performance continues to play an important role in ophthalmic diagnostics, including neuro-ophthalmology. The present article considers methodological and clinical aspects of examining visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and colour vision. In contrast to acuity, contrast sensitivity is at present rarely tested, despite often being a more sensitive marker of disease. In general, standardised procedures have the advantage of a high degree of comparability. However, tests that deviate from the standard might be better adapted to detect the characteristic impairments associated with a specific visual disorder, which justifies their application in certain cases. This also applies to colour vision testing. Preliminary evidence suggests that the measurement of colour saturation thresholds might be a more efficient and more sensitive alternative to conventional colour vision tests in cases of acquired colour vision deficiencies.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychophysik - Sehschärfe - Kontrastempfindlichkeit - Farbensehen - Neuroophthalmologie

Key words

psychophysics - visual acuity - contrast sensitivity - colour vision - neuro-ophthalmology
 

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