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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027251
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Laserfotokoagulation und photodynamische Therapie (PDT) zur Behandlung der retinalen angiomatösen Proliferation (RAP) bei feuchter altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (AMD)
Laser Photocoagulation and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with Verteporfin for Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)Publication History
Eingegangen: 9.9.2007
Angenommen: 1.12.2007
Publication Date:
05 May 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die retinale angiomatöse Proliferation (RAP) als Subtyp der neovaskulären altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) hat im Spontanverlauf eine besonders schlechte Prognose. Ein einheitliches Behandlungskonzept fehlt bisher. Patienten und Methoden: Die Behandlungsverläufe von 41 konsekutiven Patienten im Zeitraum 1 / 2003 bis 12 / 2005 mit RAP Stadium 1 bis 3 (nach Yannuzzi) mittels thermischer Laserfotokoagulation, fotodynamischer Therapie (PDT) und teilweiser intravitrealer Triamzinolongabe wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Nachbeobachtung minimal 12 Monate. Ergebnisse: Im RAP-Stadium I wurde mit 1,2 ± 0,5 Laserbehandlungen in 14 / 22 Augen RAP-Verschluss erreicht (4 × ergänzend Triamzinolongabe). Drei weitere Augen wurden durch 2 ± 0,5 PDT-Behandlungen stabilisiert. Im RAP-Stadium II wurde mit 3,2 ± 0,6 PDT-Behandlungen in 6 / 14 Augen RAP-Verschluss erreicht (4 × ergänzend Triamzinolongabe). Im RAP-Stadium III konnte mit 3,2 ± 0,4 PDT-Behandlungen in 0 / 5 Augen ein RAP-Verschluss erreicht werden (3 × ergänzend Triamzinolongabe). Einrisse des retinalen Pigmentblattes wurden im RAP-Stadium II in 2 / 14 Augen und im Stadium III in 2 / 5 Augen beobachtet. Visusbesserungen traten ausschließlich bei RAP-Verschluss im RAP-Stadium I in 9 / 17 Augen auf. Alle Augen ohne RAP-Verschluss waren nach 12 Monaten funktionell erblindet (Visus 0,02 oder kleiner). Schlussfolgerung: Für die retinale angiomatöse Proliferationen bei AMD scheint frühzeitige Identifizierung und Behandlung noch im Stadium I besonders wichtig. In fortgeschrittenen Stadien wird ein RAP-Verschluss seltener erreicht und es scheint ein erhöhtes Risiko zu bestehen für die Entwicklung von Pigmentblatteinrissen und Erblindung.
Abstract
Background: Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with particularly bad prognosis. Diverse treatment modalities are performed. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective review on the treatment results of 41 consecutive patients from 1 / 2003 to 12 / 2005 with RAP stage 1 - 3 (Yannuzzi classification), who were treated with laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVT). Follow-up was 12 months minimally. Results: In RAP stage I complete closure of the vascular lesion in 14 / 22 eyes was achieved by 1.2 ± 0.5 sessions of laser photocoagulation (4 × combined with IVT) and in 3 / 14 eyes with photodynamic therapy (2 ± 0.5 sessions). In RAP stage II closure of the lesion was achieved by 3.2 ± 0.6 sessions of photodynamic therapy in 6 / 14 eyes (4 × combined with IVT). In RAP stage III closure of the lesion was achieved by 3.2 ± 0.4 sessions of photodynamic therapy in 0 / 5 eyes (3 × combined with IVT). A rip of the retinal pigment epithelium was observed in 2 / 14 eyes of RAP stage II and 2 / 5 eyes of RAP stage III. Visual acuity improved in 9 / 17 eyes with occlusion of RAP stage I. Without closure of the vascular lesion all eyes got legally blind (visual acuity 1 / 50 or less). Conclusions: Early detection and subsequent direct treatment of RAP stage I in AMD is recommended. In advanced stages anatomical closure of the vascular complex is rarely achieved and the risk is improved for development of tears in the retinal pigment epithelium and getting legally blind.
Schlüsselwörter
altersabhängige Makuladegeneration - AMD - PDT - Triamzinolon - retinale angiomatöse Proliferation - RAP - fotodynamische Therapie
Key words
age-related macular degeneration - AMD - PDT - triamcinolone - retinal angiomatous proliferation - RAP - photodynamic therapy
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