“Ultra High Dilution 1994” revisited 2015 – the state of follow-up research

Background: The “Ultra High Dilution 1994” project was an endeavour to take stock of the findings and theories on homeopathic extreme dilutions that were under research at the time in areas of biology, biophysics, physics and medicine. The project finally materialized into an anthology assembling contributions of leading scientists in the field. Over the following two decades, it became widely quoted within the homeopathic community and also known in other research communities. The aim of the present project was to re-visit and review the 1994 studies from the perspective of 2015.

Method: The original authors from 1994 or close laboratory colleagues were asked to contribute papers covering their research efforts and learnings in the period from 1994 up to 2015. These contributions were edited and cross-referenced, and a selection of further contributions was added.

Results: About a dozen contributions reported on follow-up experiments and studies, including further developments in theory. Only few of the models that had seemed promising in 1994 had not been followed up later. Most models presented in the original publication had meanwhile been submitted to intra-laboratory, multicentre or independent scrutiny. The results of the follow-up research seemed to have rewarded the efforts. Furthermore, contributions were provided on new models that had been inspired by the original ones or that may be candidates for further in-depth ultra high dilution (UHD) research.

Conclusion: The project “Ultra High Dilution 1994 revisited 2015” is the latest output of what might be considered the “buena vista social club” of homeopathy research. However, it presents new developments and results of the older, established experimental models as well as a general survey of the state of UHD research.

Keywords

Ultra high dilution - Homeopathy - Research

• References

• 1 Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. 1994. Dortrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.;
• 2 Endler P.C., Schulte J., Stock-Schroeer B., Stephen S. “Ultra High Dilution 1994” revisited 2015 – the state of follow-up research. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 223-226.
• 3 Oberbaum M., Gropp C. Update on hormesis and its relation to homeopathy. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 227-233.
• 4 Endler P.C., Bellavite P., Bonamin L., Jäger T., Mazon S. Replications of fundamental research models in ultra high dilutions 1994 and 2015 – update on a bibliometric study. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 234-245.
• 5 Scherer-Pongratz W., Endler P.C., Lothaller H., Stephen S. Wheat and ultra high diluted silver nitrate – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 246-249.
• 6 Endler P.C., Scherer-Pongratz W., Harrer B., Lingg G., Lothaller H. Amphibians and ultra high diluted thyroxine – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 250-256.
• 7 Endler P.C., Scherer-Pongratz W., Lothaller H., Stephen S. Wheat and ultra high diluted gibberellic acid – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 257-262.
• 8 Bonamin L.V., Bellavite P. Immunological models in high dilution research following M Bastide. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 263-268.
• 9 Poitevin B. Survey of immuno-allergological ultra high dilution research. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 269-276.
• 10 Jäger T., Scherr C., Shah D. et al. The use of plant-based bioassays in homeopathic basic research. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 277-282.
• 11 Bonamin L.V., Cardoso T.N., Cunha de Carvalho A., Amaral J.G. The use of animal models in homeopathic research – a review of 2010 – 2014 PubMed indexed papers. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 283-291.
• 12 van Wijk R., Wiegant F.A.C. Physiological effects of homeopathic medicines in closed phials – a critical evaluation. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 292-294.
• 13 Thomas Y. From high dilutions to digital biology: the physical nature of the biological signal. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 295-300.
• 14 Schulte J., Endler P.C. (eds). Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilution and Homeopathy. 1998. Dortrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 168-175.
• 15 Smith C.W. Studies on electromagnetic and magnetic vector potential bio-information and water. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 301-304.
• 16 Schulte J. Experimental physical methods and theories – then and now. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 305-310.
• 17 Schulte J. Publications on experimental physical methods to investigate ultra high dilutions – an assessment on quality. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 311-315.
• 18 Becker-Witt C., Weisshuhn T., Luedtke R., Willich S. Quality assessment of physical research in homeopathy. J Altern Complement Med 2003; 9 (01) 113-132.
• 19 Schulte J. Observations on entanglement, non-locality and ultra-high dilutions. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 316-321.
• 20 Schulte J., Endler P.C. Update on preliminary elements of a theory of ultra high dilutions. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 337-342.
• 21 Bellavite P., Marzotto M., Olioso D., Moratti E., Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited 1. Physicochemical aspects, 2. Pharmacodynamic aspects. Homeopathy 2014; 103: 4-21.
• 22 Bellavite P., Marzotto M., Olioso D., Moratti E., Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 2. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Homeopathy 2014; 103: 22-43.
• 23 Walach H., Teut M. Scientific proving of ultra high dilutions on humans. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 322-327.
• 24 Mathie R.T. Controlled clinical studies of homeopathy. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 328-332.
• 25 Stock-Schröer B. Reporting Experiments in Homeopathic Basic Research (REHBaR). Homeopathy 2015; 104: 333-336.
• 26 Righetti M. Aims of homeopathy research, 1994 and 2015. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 343-344.