TY - JOUR AU - Ong, Adrian A.; Sherris, David A. TI - Neurotoxins SN - 0736-6825 SN - 1098-8793 PY - 2019 JO - Facial Plast Surg JF - Facial Plastic Surgery LA - EN VL - 35 IS - 03 SP - 230 EP - 238 DA - 2019/06/12 KW - botulinum toxin KW - neurotoxin KW - neuromodulator KW - onabotulinum KW - Botox AB - Botulinum toxin is integral to the practice of facial plastic surgery. Since it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the temporary improvement of glabellar rhytids in 2002, botulinum toxin has achieved a growing number of off-label clinical applications. These include the management of facial rhytids, brow ptosis, excessive gingival display, masseteric hypertrophy, platysmal banding, facial nerve paralysis, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Many forms of botulinum toxin have been developed, and their safety and efficacy have been thoroughly established. This article will review the aesthetic and functional uses of botulinum toxin as it relates to the field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. In addition, the authors will discuss the suggested quantity of units per injection site based on onabotulinumtoxinA. PB - Thieme Medical Publishers DO - 10.1055/s-0039-1688844 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0039-1688844 ER -