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Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology 2013; 02(01): 073-086
DOI: 10.3233/PNR-13048
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart – New York

Neurotoxicant effects on white matter

Laura L. Hayes
a   Department of Radiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta at Scottish Rite Atlanta, GA, USA
,
Kim M. Cecil
b   Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Pediatrics and Environmental Health, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Publication History

13 November 2011

16 March 2012

Publication Date:
29 July 2015 (online)

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Abstract

This article discusses some of the most commonly encountered compounds producing toxic leukoencephalopathies in infants, children and adolescents: opioids, methanol, ethylene glycol, carbon monoxide, and inhalants such as toluene, medications including methotrexate, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus. Toxic effects on white matter can produce a varied appearance on neuroimaging. The diagnosis of toxic leukoencephalopathies can be made by careful attention to the history, presentation, and neuroradiological findings.

Keywords

MRI - opioids - methanol - ethylene glycol - carbon monoxide - toluene - methotrexate - cyclosporine