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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42(06): 351-359
DOI: 10.15653/TPG-131130
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Field study on swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in weaner pigs and sows

Feldstudie über das Vorkommen des porzinen Influenzavirus (SIV) bei Absetzferkeln und Sauen
C. Meiners
1   University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Field Station for Epidemiology, Bakum, Germany
,
S. Loesken
1   University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Field Station for Epidemiology, Bakum, Germany
,
S. Doehring
1   University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Field Station for Epidemiology, Bakum, Germany
,
E. Starick
2   Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
,
S. Pesch
3   Vaxxinova GmbH, Münster, Germany
,
A. Maas
3   Vaxxinova GmbH, Münster, Germany
,
T. Noe
3   Vaxxinova GmbH, Münster, Germany
,
M. Beer
2   Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
,
T. Harder
2   Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
,
E. grosse Beilage
1   University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Field Station for Epidemiology, Bakum, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 02 February 2014

Accepted after revision: 08 August 2014

Publication Date:
05 January 2018 (online)

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Summary

Objective: The aim of this field study was to explore the occurrence of and factors associated with the detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) by RTqPCR in weaner pigs and sows from herds with a history of respiratory or reproductive disorders. Material and methods: The sample set was based on nasal swabs from 823 sows (123 submissions) and 562 weaner pigs (80 submissions). Nasal swab samples were taken and submitted by 51 veterinary practices from all over Germany. Corresponding to the pig density most of the submissions ori ginated from the north-western part of Germany. The nasal swabs were used to detect SIV RNA by real-time RT-PCR (RTqPCR). Subtyping of SIV RNA by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing was attempted directly from clinical samples or from isolates when available. The herd characteristics, management and housing conditions of the pig herd as well as the course of the disease were collected by a telephone questionnaire with the herd attending veterinarian. Results: SIV was detected by RTqPCR in 53.8% of the submissions from weaner pigs with a history of respiratory disease. Moreover SIV was detected in 10.6% of the submissions from sows. The predominant endemic subtype found in nasal swabs from sows and weaner pigs was H1N1 (60.5%) whereas subtypes H1N2 (14.0%) and H3N2 (14.0%) were detected less frequently. In addition, human pandemic H1N1 virus or reassortants thereof were found in 11.5%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results underline the significance of a SIV infection in young pigs. A significant lower detection of SIV in weaner pigs was associated with the vaccination of piglets against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), possibly indicating an interaction of SIV and PCV2. Most of the positive samples from sows originated from gilts, whereas only two originated from sows. An association between reproductive disorders and the detection of SIV could not be confirmed.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: Anhand einer Feldstudie wurde das Vorkommen des porzinen Influenzavirus (SIV) bei Absetzferkeln mit Atemwegs erkrankungen und Sauen mit Reproduktionsstörungen untersucht. Material und Methoden: Die Studie basiert auf 123 Einsendungen mit 823 Nasentupfern von Sauen und 80 Einsendungen mit 562 Proben von Absetzferkeln. Probenentnahme und Einsendung erfolgten durch 51 Tierarztpraxen aus ganz Deutschland. Entsprechend der Verteilung der Schweinepopulation in Deutschland stammten die Einsendungen hauptsächlich aus Beständen im Nordwesten. Die Nasentupfer dienten als Material für einen molekular-virologischen Influenzavirusnachweis (RT-qPCR) und auch eine Subtypisierung positiver Proben erfolgte mittels konventioneller RT-PCR und Sequenzierung direkt aus klinischem Material. Außerdem wurde ein telefonisches Interview mit den einsendenden Tierärzten zur Erhebung von epidemiologischen Daten zum Bestand und Krankheitsverlauf durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Der Nachweis von SIV gelang bei 53,8% der Einsendungen von Proben von Absetzferkeln und bei 10,6% der Einsendungen der von Sauen stammenden Proben. Der in klinischem Probenmaterial vorwiegend vorkommende endemische Subtyp H1N1 war in 60,5% der Proben von Sauen und Absetzferkeln nachweisbar. Die Subtypen H1N2 (14,0%) und H3N2 (14,0%) wurden vergleichsweise selten detektiert. Zusätzlich ließ sich in 11,5% der Proben der humane pandemische Subtyp H1N1 nachweisen. Schlussfolgerung und klini sche Relevanz: Die Resultate zeigen die erhebliche Bedeutung dieser Infektion für Atemwegserkrankungen bei Absetzferkeln. Der vergleichsweise seltenere Nachweis von SIV in Proben aus Herden, in denen eine Impfung der Ferkel gegen PCV Typ 2 stattfand, weist zudem auf die mögliche Bedeutung von Erregerinteraktionen hin. Die meisten der positiven Proben von Sauen stammten von Jungsauen und nur in zwei Fällen von Altsauen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Nachweis von SIV und Reproduktionsstörungen war nicht zu erkennen.

Key words

Influenza - nasal swab - vaccination - PCV2 - risk factors - reproductive disorders

Schlüsselwörter

Influenza - Nasentupfer - Impfung - PCV2 - Risikofaktoren - Reproduktionsstörungen
 

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