Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Pyridines by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition

Abstract

Pyridines can be efficiently synthesized by the transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions between two alkynes and one nitrile. In this account, we present the state of the art in this area with particular emphasis on the metal catalyst utilized in the reaction.

1 Introduction

2 Cobalt-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions

3 Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions

4 Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions

5 Nickel-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions

6 Conclusions

Key words

alkynes - cycloadditions - transition-metal catalysis - ­nitriles - pyridines

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12

In the cobalt-catalyzed reaction involving 2-ethynyl-pyridine, benzene derivatives resulting from cyclotrimerization were the major products observed.