Ovulation Induction in the Estrogenized Anovulatory Patient

Abstract

Ovulation induction is one of the greatest success stories in reproductive endocrinology. With appropriate therapy in properly selected patients, the conception and live birth-rates in treated patients are almost indistinguishable from normal. In the estrogenized woman there are many different techniques to reverse the condition of chronic anovulation. With clomiphene citrate, up to 80% of patients will ovulate, and approximately half will conceive. In women who fail clomiphene therapy, injectable gonadotropins are usually successful in inducing ovulation. New protocols for administering these powerful agents have minimized the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy. When medical therapy fails to result in successful ovulatory cycles, surgical treatments can be considered. Laparoscopic ovarian ablation has been shown to be effective treatment. Whether this less invasive surgery results in fewer adhesions than conventional ovarian wedge resection remains to be proven. By carefully considering each patient and individualizing treatment based on a full knowledge of alternatives, ovulation induction remains one of the most challenging and rewarding treatments in reproductive endocrinology.

Key Words:

ovulation induction - clomiphene citrate - human menopausal gonadotropins - follicle-stimulating hormone - polycystic ovary syndrome - ovarian ablation