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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2007; 75(10): 607-616
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-959203
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Störungen der Handlungskontrolle im Kontext neuropsychologischer Befunde bei Schizophrenie

Impairments of Action Control in the Context of Neuropsychological Findings in SchizophreniaB.  Reuter1 , N.  Kathmann1
  • 1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Psychologie
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Publication History

Publication Date:
23 March 2007 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Auf Grundlage eines Überblicks über neurobiologische und neuropsychologische Befunde bei Schizophrenie wird dargestellt, wie experimentell-neuropsychologische Forschung zum Verständnis schizophrener Erkrankungen beitragen kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass kognitive Leistungsdefizite ein zentrales Merkmal schizophrener Erkrankungen sind. Sie stehen in enger Beziehung zu hirnphysiologischen Veränderungen und reflektieren vermutlich Störungen basaler kognitiver Funktionen. Die Identifikation der betroffenen Funktionen ist dadurch erschwert, dass die Bearbeitung von Testaufgaben in der Regel mehrere kognitive Prozesse beansprucht. Eine Isolation einzelner Funktionen ist jedoch möglich durch eine experimentelle Variation von Aufgaben, die einzelne, gut definierbare Prozesse ansprechen. Als Beispiele werden mehrere Arbeiten vorgestellt, in denen Störungen der Steuerung schneller Augenbewegungen (Sakkaden) experimentell untersucht wurden. In der Antisakkaden-Aufgabe zeigen Schizophrenie-Patienten deutliche, zeitstabile und vielfach replizierte Leistungsdefizite. Die vorgestellten Arbeiten weisen darauf hin, dass diese Defizite vor allem eine Schwächung der willkürlichen Initiierung von Handlungen reflektieren.

Abstract

Based on a review of neurobiological and neuropsychological findings in schizophrenia, we illustrate how experimental neuropsychological research contributes to the understanding of schizophrenia. It is shown that cognitive performance deficits are a central feature of schizophrenia. They are closely connected with changes of brain physiology and appear to reflect disturbances of basic cognitive functions. It is difficult to identify these functions, because task performance usually taps various cognitive processes. However, isolation of functions is possible by experimental variation of tasks that require a small number of well defined processes. To illustrate this, we review several recent studies that experimentally analyzed deficits in the control of fast eye movements (saccades). In the antisaccade task schizophrenia patients show distinct, temporally stable and often replicated performance deficits. The reviewed studies suggest that these deficits predominantly reflect a weakness in the volitional initiation of action.

Schlüsselwörter

Schizophrenie - Neuropsychologie - Handlungskontrolle - Sakkaden - Volition

Key words

schizophrenia - neuropsychology - action control - saccades - volition

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Dr. Benedikt Reuter

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Psychologie

Rudower Chaussee 18

12489 Berlin

Email: reuter@psychologie.hu-berlin.de

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