Neurobiologie alkoholbedingten Suchtverhaltens

Kernaussagen

• Die neurobiologischen Grundlagen von Alkoholkrankheiten sind von vergleichbar großer Relevanz wie die psychosozialen Grundlagen dieser Erkrankungen.

• Alkoholwirkungen sind für nahezu alle Neurotransmittersysteme belegt.

• Eine verminderte Reaktion der biologischen Regelkreisläufe auf eine akute Alkoholgabe ist sehr häufig ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Alkoholkrankheit.

• Suchtgedächtnis und reizassoziiertes Suchtverlangen spielen bei der langfristigen Alkoholentwöhnung eine größere Rolle als körperliche Entzugssymptome.

• Die vorhandenen medikamentösen Optionen bei der Behandlung der Alkoholabhängigkeit sollten genutzt werden, da eine Wirksamkeit gut belegt ist.

Publication History

Publication Date:
16 April 2007 (online)

• Weiterführende Literatur


Einleitung
• Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen. Jahrbuch Sucht 2006.. Geeshacht: Neuland 2006
• Hemström Ö, Leifman H, Ramstedt M. The ECAS survey on drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems in European Comparative Alcohol Study.. Swedish National Institute of Health 2004

Genetische Zusammenhänge
• Grant BF. The impact of a family history of alcoholism on the relationship between age at onset of alcohol use and DSM-IV alcohol dependence - Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey.. Alcohol Health & Research World 1998; 22: 144-147
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Neurotransmitter
• Heinz A, Jones DW, Gorey JG. et al. Serotonin transporter availability correlates with alcohol intake in non-human primates.. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8: 231-234
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Langfristige neurobiologische Auswirkungen
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Die Rolle neuroendokriner Peptide
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Therapeutische Konsequenzen
• Heinz A, Lober S, Georgi A. et al. Reward craving and withdrawal relief craving: assessment of different motivational pathways to alcohol intake.. Alcohol Alcohol 2003; 38: 35-39
• Heinz A, Reimold M, Wrase J. et al. Correlation of stable elevations in striatal mu-opioid receptor availability in detoxified alcoholic patients with alcohol craving: a positron emission tomography study using carbon 11-labeled carfentanil.. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 57-64
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• Mann K, Diehl A, Hein J, Heinz A. Alkoholabhängigkeit in Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen - State of the art.. München, Jena: Urban & Fischer 2006
• Wiesbeck GA, Weijers HG, Lesch OM, Glaser T, Toennes PJ, Boening J. Flupenthixol decanoate and relapse prevention in alcoholics: results from a placebo-controlled study.. Alcohol Alcohol 2001; 36: 329-334