Elektrophysiologie der Sprachproduktion

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung: Bei der Sprachproduktion müssen semantische, syntaktische und phonologische Information über das zu produzierende Wort abgerufen werden. Die genaue zeitliche Abfolge der einzelnen Stadien ist Gegenstand der in dieser Übersichtsarbeit zusammengestellten Studien. Methodik: Bei gesunden Probanden wurden ereigniskorrelierte Hirnpotenziale in einer impliziten Bildbenennungsaufgabe registriert. In jedem Einzelexperiment wurden zwei verschiedene Informationen (z. B. Semantik und Phonologie) gegeneinander getestet. Als Marker des Zeitpunktes, an dem ein bestimmter Informationstyp zur Verfügung steht, diente die N200-Komponente. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich folgende Abfolge bei der Bildbenennung: Semantik früher als Syntax und Phonologie, Syntax früher als Phonologie. In den zum Vergleich durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum auditorischen Wortverstehen ergab sich hingegen: Phonologie früher als Semantik, Semantik früher als Syntax. Diskussion: Ereigniskorrelierte Hirnpotenziale gestatten Aussagen über die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit von Informationen in Sprachproduktionsparadigmata. Diese Befunde können benutzt werden, um die Voraussagen von Sprachverarbeitungsmodellen zu testen.

Abstract

Purpose: Language (speech) production involves semantic, syntactic and phonological information that has be retrieved for the word to be produced. The studies reviewed in this paper concern the temporal order in which each information becomes available. Method: Event-related brain potentials were recorded in young healthy subjects in an implicit picture naming task. In every experiment two types of information (e. g. semantic information and phonology) were tested against each other. The N200 NoGo component served as a time marker for the availability of the studied type of information. Results: The following time course was found during picture naming: semantic information preceded syntax, while syntax preceded phonology. By contrast, two parallel experiments on auditory word comprehension showed the following pattern: phonology earlier than semantic information, whereas semantics preceded syntax. Discussion: Event-related brain potentials permit a temporally precise delineation of information availability in language/peech production tasks. These findings can be used to test predictions of language/speech processing models.

Key words

Event-related potentials - language/speech production - N200 - semantics - syntax - phonology

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