Präzisionsonkologie und molekulare Tumorboards – Konzepte, Chancen und Herausforderungen

Zusammenfassung

Die immer umfassendere molekulare Charakterisierung von Tumoren ermöglicht eine „Präzisionsonkologie“ mit besonders effektiven und nebenwirkungsarmen Therapien. „Targeted Therapies“ erzielen bei bestimmten Tumorentitäten große Erfolge. Jedoch bestehen Schwierigkeiten in der praktischen Umsetzung und Nutzenbewertung zunehmend individualisierter Behandlungsansätze.

Abstract

Recent developments in genomics allow a more and more comprehensive genetic analysis of human malignancies, and have sparked hopes that this will contribute to the development of novel targeted, effective and well-tolerated therapies.

While targeted therapies have improved the prognosis of many cancer patients with certain tumor types, “precision oncology” also brings along new challenges. Highly personalized treatment strategies require new strategies for clinical trials and translation into routine clinical practice. We review the current technical approaches for “universal genetic testing” in cancer, and potential pitfalls in the interpretation of such data. We then provide an overview of the available evidence supporting treatment strategies based on extended genetic analysis. Based on the available data, we conclude that “precision oncology” approaches that go beyond the current standard of care should be pursued within the framework of an interdisciplinary “molecular tumor board”, and preferably within clinical trials.

Schlüsselwörter

Präzisionsonkologie - Molekulares Tumorboard - Tumorgenom-Sequenzierung - Zielgerichtete Tumortherapie - Personalisierte Medizin

Key words

precision oncology - molecular tumor board - tumor molecular profiling - tumor genome sequencing - molecularly targeted therapy

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