The Effects of Blood Glucose Regulation in Omentin-1 Levels among Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Objectives: Omentin-1, an adipocytokine that increases the insulin sensitivity, has been determined to be reduced in patients with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and Type-2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we have investigated the alterations in Omentin-1 levels with the blood glucose regulation in diabetic patients having poor glycemic control. By this way, we aimed to determine the role of Omentin-1 as a marker in follow-up and monitoring progression of diabetes.

Methods: Totally 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, older than 18 years of age who were having poor glycemic control (HbA1c≥9) were included in this study. In the first visit, all clinical and biochemical parameters of patients were recorded. After baseline evaluation, the patients were advised life style changes, and their medical treatment was determined individually according to the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association guidelines. At the end of the third month patients were re-evaluated. Serum Omentin-1 levels were measured with ELISA.

Results: In patients using only oral antidiabetic agents, after exchanging the treatment with insulin, on 3^rd month of treatment, there was a significant decrease in serum C-peptide and Omentin-1 levels compared with the initial results (p=0.034, p=0.048, respectively). On the other hand, in patients using insulin treatment from the beginning of the study, there was not any significant alterations in serum C-peptide or Omentin-1 levels compared with the initial results (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Serum Omentin-1 levels may change with insulin and metformin treatments in Type-2 diabetic patients. In patients with poor glycemic control, Omentin-1 levels do not change with the regulation of blood glucose levels. A decrease in Omentin-1 and C-peptide levels has been determined after the initiation of insulin therapy. This suggests that, Omentin-1 levels are closely associated with the endogenous insulin reserve and may be used in follow-up of patients.

Key words

diabetes mellitus - omentin-1 - glycemic control

• References

• 1 Lau DCW, Dhillon B, Yan HY et al. Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis. Am J Physiol-Heart C 2005; 288: H2031-H2041
• 2 Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A et al. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Current atherosclerosis reports 2004; 6: 424-431
• 3 Yang RZ, Lee MJ, Hu H et al. Identification of omentin as a novel depot-specific adipokine in human adipose tissue: possible role in modulating insulin action. Am J Physiol-Endoc M 2006; 290: E1253-E1261
• 4 Yang RZ, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW. Cloning of omentin, a new adipokine from humanomental fat tissue. . Unpublished. NCBI, nucleotide database. 2003; accessionnumber
• 5 Yang R, Lee Hong HuM, Pray J et al. Identification of omentin as a novel depot-specific adipokine in human adipose tissue: possible role in modulating insulin action. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290: 1253-1261
• 6 deSouza Batista CM, Yang RZ, Lee MJ et al. Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are decreased in obesity. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1655-1661
• 7 Schaffler A, Neumeier A, Herfarth H et al. Genomicstructure of humanomentin, a new adipocytokine expressed in omental adipose tissue. Bba-Gene StructExpr 2005; 1732: 96-102
• 8 Cai RC, Wei L, Di JZ et al. Expression of omentin in adipose tissues in obese and type 2 diabetic patients. ZhonghuaYiXueZaZhi 2009; 89: 381-384
• 9 Pan HY, Guo L, Li Q. Changes of serum Omentin-1 leandls in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes. DiabetesResClinPract 2010; 88: 29-33
• 10 Tan BK, Adya R, Randeva HS. Omentin: a novel link between inflammation, diabesity, and cardiovascular disease. TrendsCardiovascMed 2010; 20: 143-148
• 11 AmericanDiabetes A . Standards of medicalcare in diabetes 2014. DiabetesCare 2014; 37 (Suppl. 01) S14-S80
• 12 Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). DiabetesCare 2012; 35: 1364-1379
• 13 Mullan RJ, Montori VM, Shah ND et al. The diabetes mellitus medication choice decision aid: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 1560-1568
• 14 Basevi V, DiMario S, Morciano C et al. Comment on: American Diabetes Association. Standards of medicalcare in diabetes 2011. DiabetesCare 2011; 34 (Suppl. 01) S11-S61
• 15 Anderson JW, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. Importance of weight management in type 2 diabetes: review with meta-analysis of clinicalstudies. J AmCollNutr 2003; 22: 331-339
• 16 Niskanen L, Uusitupa M, Sarlund H et al. Microalbuminuria predicts the deavelopment of serum lipoprotein abnormalities fa-vouring atherogenesis in newly diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patiens. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 237-243
• 17 Zarini GG, Exebio JC, Gundupalli D et al. Hypertension, poor glycemic control, and microalbuminuria in Cuban Americans with type 2 diabetes. Int J NephrolRenovascDis 2011; 4: 35-40
• 18 Agbola Abu CF, Ohwovoriole AE, Akinlade KS. The effect of glycaemic control on the prevalence and pattern of dyslipedemia in Nigerian patients with newly diagnosed noninsulin dependent diabetes. West Afr J Med 2000; 19: 275
• 19 Oğuz A, Gedik O, Hatemi H et al. Türkiye’de Diabetik Hastalarda Glisemik Kontrol. in: Kutlu M. (ed.). National Turkish Diabetes Congress. 43^rd, Proceedings of the 43^rd NationalTurkishDiabetesCongress 2007 9-13 İstanbul: 10-14
• 20 Zhang Q, Zhu L, Zheng M et al. Changes of serum Omentin-1 leandls in normal subjects, type 2 diabetesandtype 2 diabeteswithoandrweightandobesity in Chineseadults. AnnEndocrinol (Paris) 2014; 75: 171-175
• 21 Yan P, Liu D, Long M et al. Changes of serum omentin levels and relationship between omentin and adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ExpClinEndocrinolDiabetes 2011; 119: 257-263
• 22 Tuna S, Caneroglu NÜ, Yüksel A et al. Tip II Diyabetikierde Insülinle Birlikte MetforminTedavisinin Lipid Profiline Etkileri. IstanbulTıp Dergisi 2005; 3: 14-16
• 23 Tan BK, Adya R, Farhatullah S et al. Omentin-1, a noandladipokine, is decreased in overweight insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome – Ex vivoand in vivoregulation of Omentin-1 by insulin and glucose. Diabetes 2008; 57: 801-808
• 24 Mathewand EM, Rajiah K. Assessment of medication adherence in type-2 diabetes patients on polypharmacy and the effect of patient counseling given to them in a multi specialty hospital. Journal of Basic andClinicalPharmacy 5: 15-18 2014;
• 25 Tan BK, Adya R, Farhatullah S et al. Metformin Treatment May Increase Omentin-1 Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes 2010; 59: 3023-3031