Semin Speech Lang 2018; 39(04): 356-370
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667164
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

My Client Knows That He's About to Stutter: How Can We Address Stuttering Anticipation during Therapy with Young People Who Stutter?

Eric S. Jackson
1   Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, New York
,
Hope Gerlach
2   Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
,
Naomi H. Rodgers
2   Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
,
Patricia M. Zebrowski
2   Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
24 August 2018 (online)

Abstract

Stuttering anticipation is endorsed by many people who stutter as a core aspect of the stuttering experience. Anticipation is primarily a covert phenomenon and people who stutter respond to anticipation in a variety of ways. At the same time as anticipation occurs and develops internally, for many individuals the “knowing” or “feeling” that they are about to stutter is a primary contributor to the chronicity of the disorder. In this article, we offer a roadmap for both understanding the phenomenon of anticipation and its relevance to stuttering development. We introduce the Stuttering Anticipation Scale (SAS)—a 25-item clinical tool that can be used to explore a client's internal experience of anticipation to drive goal development and clinical decision making. We ground this discussion in a hypothetical case study of “Ryan,” a 14-year-old who stutters, to demonstrate how clinicians might use the SAS to address anticipation in therapy with young people who stutter.

 
  • References

  • 1 Johnson W. An interpretation of stuttering. Q J Speech 1933; 19 (01) 70-76
  • 2 Williams DE. A point of view about stuttering. J Speech Hear Disord 1957; 22 (03) 390-397
  • 3 Jackson ES, Yaruss JS, Quesal RW, Terranova V, Whalen DH. Responses of adults who stutter to the anticipation of stuttering. J Fluency Disord 2015; 45: 38-51
  • 4 Wingate ME. Expectancy as basically a short-term process. J Speech Hear Res 1975; 18 (01) 31-42
  • 5 Garcia-Barrera MA, Davidow JH. Anticipation in stuttering: a theoretical model of the nature of stutter prediction. J Fluency Disord 2015; 44: 1-15
  • 6 Peters HF, Hulstijn W. Stuttering and anxiety: the difference between stutterers and nonstutterers in verbal apprehension and physiologic arousal during the anticipation of speech and non-speech tasks. J Fluency Disord 1984; 9 (01) 67-84
  • 7 Weber CM, Smith A. Autonomic correlates of stuttering and speech assessed in a range of experimental tasks. J Speech Hear Res 1990; 33 (04) 690-706
  • 8 Bowers A, Saltuklaroglu T, Kalinowski J. Autonomic arousal in adults who stutter prior to various reading tasks intended to elicit changes in stuttering frequency. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 83 (01) 45-55
  • 9 Bakker K, Brutten GJ, Janssen P, van der Meulen S. An eyemarking study of anticipation and dysfluency among elementary school stutterers. J Fluency Disord 1991; 16 (01) 25-33
  • 10 Brutten GJ, Janssen P. An eye-marking investigation of anticipated and observed stuttering. J Speech Hear Res 1979; 22 (01) 20-28
  • 11 Knott JR, Johnson W, Webster MJ. Studies in the psychology of stuttering, IIA: quantitative evaluation of expectation of stuttering in relation to the occurrence of stuttering. J Speech Disord 1937; 2 (01) 20-22
  • 12 Milisen R. Frequency of stuttering with anticipation of stuttering controlled. J Speech Disord 1938; 3 (04) 207-214
  • 13 Van Riper C. Study of the thoracic breathing of stutterers during expectancy and occurrence of stuttering spasm. J Speech Disord 1936; 1 (03) 61-72
  • 14 Metzger FL, Auer T, Helms G. , et al. Shifted dynamic interactions between subcortical nuclei and inferior frontal gyri during response preparation in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223 (01) 165-182
  • 15 Mersov A, Cheyne D, Jobst C, De Nil L. A preliminary study on the neural oscillatory characteristics of motor preparation prior to dysfluent and fluent utterances in adults who stutter. J Fluency Disord 2018; 55: 145-155
  • 16 Arenas RM, Zebrowski PM. The relationship between stuttering anticipation and verbal response time in adults who stutter. Speech Lang Hear 2017; 20 (01) 1-14
  • 17 Briley PM. An exploration of anticipation of stuttering in adults. J Speech Pathol Ther 2017; 2 (123) 2
  • 18 Bloodstein O. The development of stuttering. I. Changes in nine basic features. J Speech Hear Disord 1960; 25 (03) 219-237
  • 19 Riley GD. SSI-4 Stuttering Severity Instrument. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 2009
  • 20 Yaruss JS, Quesal RW. OASES: Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Bloomington, MN: Pearson; 2010