Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1972; 28(02): 194-205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649055
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII

IV. Relation to the Coagulation System
H Gjønnæss
1   Institute for Thrombosis Research, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, (Chief: Professor Stormorken) Oslo, Norway
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
29 June 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

The cold promoted shortening of the thrombotest times induced by incubation of plasma with prekallikrein activators for 20 hours at 0° C is due to activation of factor VII. No change was recorded for the other coagulation factors. The activation was strong, as the presence of 1 per cent cold activated factor VII reduced the thrombotest time of factor VII deficient plasma from 115 to 38.7 seconds.

The activation of factor X by the cold activated factor VII occurred in the course of seconds, in the presence of calcium and thromboplastin. Cold promoted activation of factor VII also implied reduced cephalin time, probably via traces of thrombin inducing intrinsic factor X activator activity during the clotting test.

Generation of cold promoted activator activity (CPA) was independent of coagulation factors V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and calcium, but factor XII was a prerequisite. Of factor VII even traces were sufficient for the generation of CPA. The activation of the kallikrein system, that occurs in parallel with the cold promoted activation of factor VII, occurred both in factor VII deficient plasma and in ordinary control plasma. In the reaction sequence, the activation of factor VII therefore is less likely to be the first step, it possibly is a result of activation of the kallikrein system.

 

  • References

  • 1 Aas K. 1952. Proconvertin and convertin. Thesis. (In Norwegian) Akad. Trykningssentral; Oslo:
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Altman R, Hemker H. C. 1967; Contact activation in the extrinsic blood clotting system. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 18: 525.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Armstrong D. 1969 Hageman factor and the spontaneous human plasma kinin generation occurring in homogenous media. Activation and inactivation. In: Inflammation Biochemistry and Drug Interaction. Exerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Armstrong D, and Dias da Silva W. 1970; Kinin formation in human blood serum induced by cooling and by heat aggregated human gamma globulin preparations. Advances in Experimental and Medical Biology 8: 31.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Armstrong D, and Stewart J. W. 1960; Formation of plasma kinin in human plasma by E-amino caproic acid and certain related compounds. Journal of Physiology 154: 19P.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Buluk K, Czokalo M, and Malofiejew M. 1970; Contact and plasmin, kinin-forming systems in the blood. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 24: 548.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Cochrane C. G, and Wuepper K. D. 1971; The first component of the kinin-forming system in human and rabbit plasma. Journal of Experimental Medicine 134: 986.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Colman R. W, Mason J. H, and Sherry S. 1969; The kallikreinogen-kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma. Annals of Internal Medicine 71: 763.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Egeberg O. 1961; Assay of antihemophilic A, B and C factors by one-stage cephalin systems. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 13: 140.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Gjønnæss H. 1972; a Cold promoted activation of factor VII. I: Evidence for the existence of an activator. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 28: 155.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Gjønnæss H. 1972; b Cold promoted activation of factor VII. II : Identification of the activator. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 28: 169.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Gjønnæss H. 1972; c Cold promoted activation of factor VII. III: Relation to the kallikrein system. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 28: 182.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Gjønnæss H. 1972 e Cold promoted activation of factor VII. V: Relation to the fibrinolytic system. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica, accepted for publication.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Godal H. C. Personal communication.
    PubMed
  • 15 Godal H. C, and Gjengedal G. 1971; Activation of coagulation by heparin-protamine complexes as demonstrated by Thrombotest. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 8: 194.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Godal H. C, and Theodor I. 1965; In vitro inhibition of streptokinase-induced proteolysis by trasylol and by epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Suppl. 84: 199.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Hjort P. F. 1957 Intermediate reactions in the coagulation of blood with tissue thromboplastin. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 9. suppl. 27.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hjort P. F, Rapaport S. I, and Owren P. A. 1955; A simple specific one-stage prothrombin assay using Russell’s viper venom in cephalin suspension. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 46: 89.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hougie C. 1962; A simple assay method for factor X (Stuart-Prower Factor). Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 109: 754.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Jung E. G, and Duckeet F. 1960; Wirkung von Plasmin (Fibrinolysin) an die Gerinnungsfaktoren. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 90: 1239.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Kaplan A. P, and Austen K. F. 1970; A pre-albumin activator of prekallikrein. Journal of Immunology 105: 802.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Lewis G. P. 1958; Formation of plasma kinins by plasmin. Journal of Physiology 140: 285.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Lorand L, and Condit E. V. 1965; Ester hydrolysis by urokinase. Biochemistry 4: 265.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Margolis J. 1960; The mode of action of Hageman factor in the release of plasma kinin. Journal of Physiology 151: 238.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Margolis J. 1963; The interrelationship of coagulation of plasma and release of peptides. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 104: 133.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Movat H. Z, Øzge-Anwar A. H, and Soltay M. J. 1971 Role of the contact phase of blood coagulation in the activation of the kinin-forming system. Abstr. vol., II Congress, The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Oslo, July 1971.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Mülle Berghaus G, and Lasch H. G. 1970; Consumption of Hageman factor activity in the generalized Schwartzman reaction induced by Liquoid. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 23: 386.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Østerito B, Rapaport S. I, Schiffman S, and Chong M. M. Y. 1971; Formation of intrinsic factor-X-activator activity, with special reference to the role of thrombin. British Journal of Haematology 21: 643.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Owren P. A. 1947 The coagulation of blood. Investigation on a new clotting factor. Thesis. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 128. suppl. 194.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Owren P. A. 1959; Thrombotest. A new method for controlling anticoagulant therapy. Lancet 2: 754.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Owren P. A. 1969; The interrelationship between Normotest and Thrombotest. F arm ak o t er ap i (Oslo) 25: 1.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Ratnoff O. D, and Miles A. A. 1964; The induction of permeability-increasing activity in human plasma by activated Hageman factor. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 45: 328.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Rinvik S. F, Dyrud O. K, and Briseid K. 1966; Determination of plasma kininogen, plasma kininase and erythrocyte kininase. Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica 24: 169.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Schiffman S, Rapaport S. I, and Patch M. J. 1963; The identification and synthesis of activated plasma thromboplastin component (PTC). Blood 22: 733.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Schrogie J. J, Solomon H. M, and Zieve P. D. 1967; Effect of oral contraceptives on vitamin K-dependent clotting activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 8: 670.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Troll W, Sherry S, and Wachman J. 1954; The action of plasmin on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 208: 85.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Vogt W. 1964; Kinin formation by plasmin, an indirect process mediated by activation of kallikrein. Journal of Physiology 170: 153.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Vogt W. 1965; Ein komplettes zweites kininbildendes System in menschlichem Plasma. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archiv für Pharmakologie und experimentelle Pathologie 251: 186.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Waaler B. A. 1959. Contact activation in the intrinsic blood clotting system. Thesis. Oslo University Press; Oslo:
    Google Scholar
  • 40 Webster M. E, and Pierce J. V. 1961; Action of the kallikreins on synthetic ester substrates. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology 107: 186.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Werle E, Forell M. M, and Maier L. 1955; Zur Kenntnis der blutdrucksenkenden Wirkung des Trypsins. Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 225: 369.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar