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Facial Plast Surg 2018; 34(02): 119-127
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1637004
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Brow: Neuromodulators and Fillers

Jessyka G. Lighthall
1   Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Publication History

Publication Date:
09 April 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Facial aging involves a combination of volume loss and descent, loss of skin elasticity, dynamic lines due to facial mimetic muscle action, and development of static rhytids. Although surgery remains an option for treatment, minimally invasive aesthetic procedures continue to gain popularity with the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers being the most sought-after procedures. Although these may be used in isolation to treat specific concerns, they are often combined to address multiple facets of aging. Multiple different neuromodulators and fillers are commercially available. Although relatively effective and safe, a thorough understanding of their indications, compositions, and potential adverse effects is paramount. This article will review the available aesthetic products for minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin and injectable fillers. Although it will not focus on other therapies aimed at facial rejuvenation, such as resurfacing techniques or surgical interventions, it is important to note that an individualized treatment plan may combine multiple therapies to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Keywords

neuromodulator - filler - brow - periocular - facial aging
 

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