Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Adipositas und Suizid

Zusammenfassung

Prospektive Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Adipositas und Depressionen vor allem bei Frauen positiv miteinander assoziiert sind. Depression ist ein Risikofaktor für Suizid, weshalb vermutet werden könnte, dass adipöse Frauen ein erhöhtes Suizidrisiko aufweisen. Ziel ist es, eine Literaturübersicht zur Beziehung zwischen Adipositas und vollendetem Suizid bei Erwachsenen mit dem Fokus auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede zu geben. Mit Hilfe einer systematischen Suche wurden in den Literaturdatenbanken PubMed, PsychInfo und Web of Sciences relevante Artikel identifiziert. Von den neun analysierten Studien, berichteten sechs entgegen der Annahme einen inversen Zusammenhang zwischen Adipositas und Suizid. Es gibt einige Hinweise, dass dieser Zusammenhang tendenziell bei Frauen stärker ausgeprägt ist als bei Männern. Drei Studien fanden eine J-förmige oder positive Assoziation. Es scheint, dass adipöse Frauen im Vergleich zu adipösen Männern und zu normalgewichtigen Menschen tendenziell ein niedrigeres Suizidrisiko haben. Der Einfluss anderer Faktoren wie des Alters und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen auf das Suizidrisiko werden diskutiert.

Summary

There is evidence from prospective studies that obesity is positively associated with depression, especially in women. Major depression is the main psychiatric disorder preceding suicide, so it could be ask, if obese women have a higher risk committing suicide. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of literature examining the relationship between obesity and completed suicide focusing gender specific aspects (>18 years). Systematic literature searches of the databases PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Sciences were conducted. In contrast to the assumptions, six of nine included studies reported an inverse relationship between BMI and suicide. There is evidence that this relationship is stronger in females than in males. Three studies reported a J-formed or positive association. It seems that obese women´s suicide risk is lower compared to the risk of obese men and of people with normal weight. The influence of other confounding variables such as age or psychiatric illness on suicide risk are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - BMI - Suizid - Depression

Keywords

Obesity - BMI - completed suicide - depression

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