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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 35(04): 501-506
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383864
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

Lara Pisani
1   Respiratory and Critical Care, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
,
Stefano Nava
1   Respiratory and Critical Care, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
11 August 2014 (online)

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Abstract

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) improves gas exchange and clinical outcome in various types of acute respiratory failure. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequent cause of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). According to several randomized controlled trials, the addition of NIV to standard medical therapy reduces mortality, intubation rate, and hospital length of stay in these patients. Indications for the use of NIV have expanded over the past decade. In this article, we discuss the clinical indications and goals of NIV in the management of AHRF.

Keywords

noninvasive ventilation - acute respiratory failure - hypercapnia
 

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