Stressbezogene Einflussfaktoren bei depressiven Mädchen

Zusammenfassung

Depressive Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zeigen hohe Prävalenzraten. Für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Depressionen in der Adoleszenz spielen unter anderem Stressfaktoren eine Rolle. In der vorliegenden Längsschnittstudie wurde untersucht, welche Stressbelastungen bei Mädchen zur Aufrechterhaltung der depressiven Störung beitragen. 135 15-jährige Mädchen wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten, die sechs Monate auseinanderlagen, untersucht. Das Ausmaß der depressiven Verstimmung wurde mit dem Depressionsinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche gemessen. Die Messung der Stressbelastung und Stressbewältigung erfolgte mit dem Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter sowie der Cortisol Aufwachreaktion als biologischer Stressindikator. Die Auswertung erfolgte durch ein lineares Regressionsmodell. Bei Adjustierung für die Ausgangsdepressivität zeigte sich, dass vor allem aktuelle Stressfaktoren das Fortbestehen einer Depression vorhersagen. Besonders wichtig ist die akute psychische Stressbelastung. Ebenso bedeutsam sind aktuell wahrgenommene körperliche Stresssymptome und eine hohe Stressvulnerabilität. Die Cortisol Aufwachreaktion als Indikator für chronische Stressbelastung hatte kein statistisch signifikantes Vorhersagepotenzial. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Stabilität einer Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter hin, belegen aber auch einen zusätzlichen Einfluss des aktuellen Stressgeschehens.

Abstract

The prevalence of major depression in adolescents is remarkable. Stress has been hypothesised to contribute to the maintenance of depression in young patients. This study aims to elucidate stress-related predictive variables for the maintenance of depression in young girls. A longitudinal design with a time interval of six months was used to assess stress load and depression in 135 15-year-old girls. Stress was measured by the “Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter” and the cortisol awakening response as a biological indicator for hyperactivity of the HPA axis. Depression was quantified by the “Depressionsinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche”. The data were analysed by multiple linear regression. When adjusting for initial depression, psychological stress load, physical stress symptoms, and stress vulnerability proved to be predictive for depression, whereas chronic stress neither at the psychological level nor as indicated by the cortisol awakening response had statistically significant effects. The results show the stability of depression in adolescent girls, but also prove an additional influence of acute stress variables.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Jugendliche - Stress

Key words

depression - children - stress

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