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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 33(04): 375-381
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1322401
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Quality Improvement in End-of-Life Critical Care

Jeremy M. Kahn
1   Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2   Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Publication History

Publication Date:
08 August 2012 (online)

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Abstract

Patients, clinicians and policy makers are increasingly interested in measuring and improving the quality of health care at the end of life. The intensive care unit (ICU) is characterized by high mortality and frequent use of life-sustaining treatments, making critical care a natural target for these efforts. Indeed, multiple local and regional quality improvement efforts now specifically target the dying experience for ICU patients, patients at risk for ICU admission, and their families. These activities either target ICU caregivers through educational programs and quality incentives, or target patients and their families directly through palliative care and efforts to improve decisions around the end of life. Although these initiatives hold great promise, they also face inherent challenges—it is difficult to measure the quality of end-of-life care, we lack practical targets for affecting quality, and uncertain political climates can often preclude serious discussions about end-of-life care. Moreover, these programs may lead to unintended consequences, potentially negatively impacting the very care they seek to improve. Future innovations surrounding how we measure the quality of end-of-life care and paradigm shifts in the way we think about ICU quality may help us to fully realize the goal of improving the dying process for ICU patients.

Keywords

quality - intensive care unit - palliative care - health disparities
 

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