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Semin Neurol 2011; 31(3): 254-265
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1287653
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Atypical Nervous System Manifestations of HIV

Jennifer Lyons1 , 2 , 3 , Nagagopal Venna1 , 3 , Tracey A. Cho1 , 2 , 3
  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 2Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
30 September 2011 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Despite the widespread success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in reducing morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, HIV-associated neurologic disease remains prevalent. Although the virus is unable to infect neurons or muscle fibers directly, it can still injure these structures by a variety of mechanisms, many of which are yet to be elucidated. Additionally, antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection can cause damage to the nervous system both by direct toxicity and via modulation of host-virus interactions. Some neurologic complications of HIV infection are rarely seen and are poorly understood; nevertheless, they are important to recognize. In this review article, the authors focus on the uncommon neurologic manifestations of HIV infection, including mononeuropathies, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, motor neuron disease, polymyositis, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, mononeuritis multiplex, HIV-associated neuromuscular weakness syndrome, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and central nervous system HIV-escape meningoencephalomyelitis and myelitis.

KEYWORDS

Human immunodeficiency virus - HIV - peripheral neuropathy - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - myopathy

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Jennifer LyonsM.D. 

Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital

45 Fruit Street, Wang 835, Boston, MA 02114

Email: jlyons5@partners.org

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