Klin Padiatr 2009; 221(7): 444-447
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1231075
Case Report

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Cardiogenic Shock in a Neonate with Enterovirus Myocarditis

Perinatale Enterovirus-Infektion als Ursache eines kardiogenen Schocks im NeugeborenenalterS. Meyer1 , L. Gortner1 , S. Gottschling2 , B. Gärtner3 , H. Abdul-Khaliq4
  • 1Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
  • 2Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
  • 3Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
  • 4Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
10 December 2009 (online)

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular compromise in the neonate may be caused by birth asphyxia, metabolic disease, congenital heart disease, and systemic bacterial or viral infections. In rare cases, enterovirus infection may cause severe disease including cardiac, cerebral, hepatic and multi organ failure.

Patients and methods: Case report.

Results: A 3-week-old neonate was admitted to our NICU in cardiogenic shock and severe lactic acidosis (ph: 6.9; serum lactate: 15 mmol/l, base excess: −19.8 mmol/l; pCO2: 54.9 mm Hg). Serum troponin T was within the normal range; serum total creatinin phosphokinase was 57 U/l, CK-MB 110 U/l, LDH 762 U/l; pro-BNP: 64391 pg/ml was elevated. On echocardiography left ventricular function was depressed with a shortening fraction of 16%. The neonate was started on inotropes. There was gradual improvement over the following two weeks with normalisation of left ventricular output. PCR examination was positive for enterovirus. Other causes for left ventricular compromise (congenital heart disease, inborn errors of metabolism, etc.) were ruled out by adequate means.

Conclusions: Enterovirus infection as a cause for myocarditis and cardiogenic shock should be taken into the differential diagnosis in neonates.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Schwere kardiale Funktionsstörungen beim Neugeborenen können durch Geburtsasphyxie, Stoffwechselerkrankungen, angeborene Herzfehler und schwere bakterielle oder virale Infektionen hervorgerufen werden. Enterovirus-Infektionen verlaufen in der Regel asymptomatisch oder mit milden Symptomen. Bei Infektion im Neugeborenenalter kann es zu lebensbedrohlichen Verläufen mit Sepsis, Meningoenzephalitis, Hepatitis oder Myokarditis kommen.

Kasuistik: Im kardiogenen Schock wurde das 3 Wochen alte Mädchen auf die NICU aufgenommen. Blutgasanalyse: schwere metabolische Azidose (pH 6,9, BE – 19,8 mmol/l, Laktat 15 mmol/l. Weitere Laborwerte: Troponin T normal, Gesamt-CK 57 U/l, CK-MB 110 U/l, LDH 762 U/l, pro-BNP 64391 pg/ml. Echokardiografie: eingeschränkte systolische Funktion insbesondere der linken Hinterwand (SF 16%) mit geringgradiger Dilatation des linken Vorhofes und Ventrikels. Unter maschineller Beatmung, positiv inotroper Therapie und Pufferung erholte sich das Kind innerhalb von 2 Wochen. In der PCR-Untersuchung gelang der Nachweis von Enterovirus (Kopienzahl: 105–106/ml). Das Kind konnte ohne Folgeschäden entlassen werden.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Enteromyokarditis ist eine selten Ursache eines kardiogenen Schocks bei Neugeborenen und in die Differenzieldiagnose einzubeziehen.

Literatur

  • 1 Baumgartner D. et al . Prolonged QTc intervals and decreased left ventricular contractility in patients with propionic acedemia.  J Pediatr. 2007;  150 192-197
  • 2 Chang LY. et al . Neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection.  N Engl J Med. 2007;  356 1226-1234
  • 3 Dagan R, Menegus MA. Nonpolio enteroviruses and the febrile infant. In: Rotbarts HA, ed. Human enteroviris infections. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology 1995: 239-254
  • 4 Dokanish H. et al . Usefulness of a new diastolic strain and strain rate indexes for estimation of left ventricular filling pressure.  Am J Cardiol. 2008;  101 1504-1509
  • 5 Dworschak AM. et al . Influenza A-associated rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure.  Klin Padiatr. 2008;  220 266-267
  • 6 Hennewig U. et al . Severe combined immunodeficiency signalized by eosinophilia and lymphopenia in rotavirus infected infants.  Klin Padiatr. 2007;  219 343-347
  • 7 Inwald D. et al . Enterovirus myocarditis as a cause of neonatal collapse.  Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;  89 F461-F462
  • 8 Kozák-Bárány A. et al . Impaired left ventricular diastolic function in newborn infants of mothers with pregestational or gestational diabetes with good glycemic control.  Early Hum Dev. 2004;  77 13-22
  • 9 Krogstad P. et al . Fatal neonatal myocarditis caused by a recombinant human enterovirus-B variant.  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;  27 668-669
  • 10 Lin TY. et al . Neonatal enterovirus infections: emphasis on risk factors of severe and fatal infections.  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;  22 889-894
  • 11 Nathan M. et al . Enteroviral sepsis and ischemic cardiomyopathy in a neonate: case report and review of literature.  ASAIO J. 2008;  54 554-555
  • 12 Magnani JW, Dec GW. Myocarditis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment.  Circulation. 2006;  113 876-890
  • 13 Mivelaz Y. et al . A non-invasive diagnostic tool to differentiate myocarditis from myocardial infarction: late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance.  Eur J Pediatr. 2007;  166 971-972
  • 14 Simmonds J. et al . Successful heart transplantation following neonatal necrotic enterovirus myocarditis.  Pediatr Cardiol. 2008;  29 834-837
  • 15 Verboon-Maciolek MA. et al . Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 12-year period.  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;  24 901-904

Correspondence

PD Dr. S. Meyer

University Hospital of Saarland

Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology

Building 9

Kirrbergerstraße

66421 Homburg

Germany

Phone: +49/6841-1628374

Fax: +49/6841-1628363

Email: sascha.meyer@uniklinik-saarland.de

    >