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DOI: 10.1055/a-2693-5714
Pushing Limits – The role of pain and painkillers in Olympic Weightlifting
Pushing Limits – Die Bedeutung von Schmerzen und Schmerzmitteln im Olympischen GewichthebenAutor*innen
Abstract
The PLAY study (Pain, Lesions and Analgesics in Youth and Elite Sports) investigates the extent, patterns and treatment of pain in organised professional sports. This study, presented here for the first time, focused on Olympic weightlifting in this context. As part of a case-control study, weightlifters from the German Olympic squad (OSW, n=35) were compared with matched controls from the general population (n=35) using 1:1 matching for sex, age, and BMI. Validated, field-tested questions and scores were used to record the prevalence of pain, analgesic consumption and willingness to compete despite pain among German elite athletes. Due to the matched pairs design, bivariate associations were examined using McNemar tests. Among the 35 Olympic weightlifters surveyed, 80% (8 out of 10) reported experiencing pain in the past 7 days, with an average of at least 3 regions affected simultaneously, mainly neck, back, head, and knees. With the exception of the back (71% vs. 83%; p>0.05), the 12-month pain prevalence was significantly higher in OSW, especially in the wrists (66% vs. 40%; p=0.035), where the most severe pain occurred (VAS 7.3/10). The use of painkillers was widespread among athletes and controls. Among Olympic weightlifters, the majority of cases involved self-medication. Frequent consumption was mainly found for ibuprofen (20%), acetylsalicylic acid (14%), and diclofenac (9%). The willingness to take part in competitions despite pain was widespread among the top athletes in our sample: 94% stated they would take part even if they needed to take painkillers. In contrast, only 9% reported that they would continue to participate even if their doctors advised against it. Therefore, doctors seem to act as gatekeepers and are most likely able to dissuade athletes from making such risky decisions. Among the athletes studied here at the highest national performance level, high 12-month prevalence rates for joint pain, widespread and, in some cases, prophylactic self-medication with painkillers were observed, along with a strong willingness to compete despite health complaints and pain.
Zusammenfassung
Die PLAY-Studie (Pain, Lesions and Analgesics in Youth and Elite Sports) untersucht das Ausmaß, die Muster und die Behandlung von Schmerzen im organisierten Profisport. Die hier erstmals präsentierte Studie widmet sich in diesem Zusammenhang dem Olympischen Gewichtheben. Im Rahmen einer Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden mittels eines 1:1-Matchings nach Geschlecht, Alter und BMI Gewichtheber aus dem deutschen Olympiakader (OSW, n=35) mit Personen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung (n=35) verglichen. Zur Erfassung der Schmerzprävalenzen, des Analgetikakonsums und der willingness to compete hurt kamen unter deutschen Elitesportlern feldgetestete und validierte Fragen und Scores zum Einsatz. Aufgrund des Matched-Pairs-Designs wurden bivariate Assoziationen mit McNemar-Tests untersucht. Umgerechnet 8 von 10 Elitesportler aus dem Olympischen Gewichtheben (OSW) berichteten über Schmerzen innerhalb der letzten 7 Tage. Dabei waren im Durchschnitt mindestens 3 Regionen gleichzeitig betroffen, vor allem Nacken, Rücken, Kopf und Knie. Mit Ausnahme des Rückens (71% vs. 83%; p>0,05) waren dort auch die 12-Monats-Schmerzprävalenzen bei OSW signifikant höher, insbesondere an den Handgelenken (66% vs. 40%; p=0,035), wo auch die stärksten Schmerzen auftraten (VAS 7,3/10). Der Schmerzmittelkonsum war in der Athleten- und in der Vergleichsgruppe weit verbreitet. Unter Olympischen Gewichthebern handelte es sich in den meisten Fällen um Selbstmedikationen. Häufiger Konsum fand sich bei ihnen vor allem bei Ibuprofen (20%), Acetylsalicylsäure (14%) und Diclofenac (9%). Die Bereitschaft, trotz Schmerzen an Wettkämpfen teilzunehmen, war unter den Spitzensportlern unserer Stichprobe sehr weit verbreitet: 94% gaben an, dass sie auch dann an Wettkämpfen teilnehmen würden, wenn sie Schmerzmittel einnehmen müssten. Dagegen gaben nur 9% an, dass sie trotz ärztlichem Verbot zu Wettkämpfen antreten würden. Der Arzt scheint also als Gatekeeper zu fungieren und die Athleten am ehesten von dieser riskanten Entscheidung abhalten zu können. Für die hier untersuchten Athleten auf höchstem nationalem Leistungsniveau konnten hohe 12-Monats-Prävalenzen für Gelenkschmerzen sowie eine weit verbreitete und in einigen Fällen auch prophylaktische Selbstmedikation mit Schmerzmitteln in Kombination mit einer hohen Bereitschaft zur Wettkampfteilnahme auch unter gesundheitlichen Beschwerden und Schmerzen ermittelt werden.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 29. November 2024
Angenommen nach Revision: 20. August 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Oktober 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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