Psychosoziale Maßnahmen zur Sport- und Bewegungsförderung bei Menschen mit Übergewicht: Konzeptionelle Überlegungen und Übersicht zur Forschungslage

Zusammenfassung

Menschen mit Übergewicht oder Adipositas treiben weniger Sport und sind weniger aktiv als normalgewichtige Menschen. Ein Grund hierfür ist, dass diese Menschen schwerer zu Sport oder körperlicher Aktivität motiviert werden können als normalgewichtige Menschen, was an spezifischen psychischen und psychosozialen Problemen der Verhaltensregulation liegt. Diese Probleme hängen vor allem mit (Selbst-) Stigmatisierung, defizitärer Selbstwahrnehmung, Depression, Angststörungen und einer sozial kontrollierte Motivationslage der Menschen mit Übergewicht zusammen. Hieraus ergeben sich Verhaltensbarrieren, die durch volitionale und motivationale Ansatzstellen beseitigt oder verringert werden können. Hierzu dienen verhaltensmodifizierende Techniken (BCTs), die vor allem auf Handlungsziele, Handlungsplanung, Selbstregulation, Selbstreflexion und soziale Unterstützung ausgerichtet sind. Der positive Effekt vieler dieser BCTs für die Sport- und Bewegungsförderung von Menschen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas ist durch Reviews belegt. Wenig erforscht sind konkrete Wirkmechanismen dieser BCTs sowie Bedingungen, die den Effekt von BCTs hemmen oder fördern.

Abstract

People who are overweight or obese do less sport and are less active than people of normal weight. One reason for this is that these people are more difficult to motivate to do sports or physical activity than people of normal weight, which is due to specific psychological and psychosocial problems of behavioral regulation. These problems are mainly related to (self-) stigmatization, deficient self-perception, depression, anxiety disorders and a socially controlled motivational state of overweight people. This results in behavioral barriers that can be eliminated or reduced by volitional and motivational approaches. This purpose is served by behavior change techniques (BCTs), which focus primarily on action goals, action planning, self-regulation, self-reflection, and social support. The positive effect of many of these BCTs for physical activity promotion of overweight and obese people is supported by reviews. Little research has been done on specific mechanisms of these BCTs and conditions that inhibit or promote the effect of BCTs.

Schlüsselwörter

Übergewicht - Adipositas - Bewegungsförderung - Volition - Motivation - verhaltensmodifizierende Techniken

Key words

overweight - obesity - physical activity promotion - volition - motivation - behavior change techniques

Publication History

Article published online:
03 March 2023

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