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Thromb Haemost 2022; 122(11): 1858-1868
DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-4538
Review Article

Current View on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fibrin(ogen)-Dependent Inflammation

Sergiy Yakovlev
1   Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
2   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
,
Dudley K. Strickland
1   Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
3   Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
4   Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
,
Leonid Medved
1   Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
2   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 HL056051 to L.M. and R35 HL135743 to D.K.S.
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Abstract

Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of fibrinogen in the inflammatory response. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrinogen-dependent inflammation, two bridging mechanisms have been proposed in which fibrin(ogen) bridges leukocytes to endothelial cells. The first mechanism suggests that bridging occurs via the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte receptor Mac-1 and the endothelial receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which promotes leukocyte transmigration and enhances inflammation. The second mechanism includes bridging of leukocytes to the endothelium by fibrin degradation product E1 fragment through its interaction with leukocyte receptor CD11c and endothelial VE-cadherin to promote leukocyte transmigration. The role of E1 in promoting inflammation is inhibited by the fibrin-derived β15–42 fragment, and this has been suggested to result from its ability to compete for the E1–VE-cadherin interaction and to trigger signaling pathways through the src kinase Fyn. Our recent study revealed that the β15–42 fragment is ineffective in inhibiting the E1– or fibrin–VE-cadherin interaction, leaving the proposed signaling mechanism as the only viable explanation for the inhibitory function of β15–42. We have discovered that fibrin interacts with the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and this interaction triggers a signaling pathway that promotes leukocyte transmigration through inhibition of the src kinase Fyn. This pathway is inhibited by another pathway induced by the interaction of β15–42 with a putative endothelial receptor. In this review, we briefly describe the previously proposed molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-dependent inflammation and their advantages/disadvantages and summarize our recent studies of the novel VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration which plays an important role in fibrin-dependent inflammation.

Keywords

fibrinogen - fibrin - VLDL receptor - fibrin–VLDL receptor interaction - inflammation


Publication History

Received: 23 May 2022

Accepted: 22 July 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
27 July 2022

Article published online:
17 October 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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