pferde spiegel 2022; 25(02): 52-62
DOI: 10.1055/a-1746-5954
Fachspiegel

Subchondrale Knochenzysten – Von der Diagnostik zur Therapie

Kathrin Mählmann

Das klinische Bild subchondraler Knochenzysten ist variabel und die Diagnostik stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Zudem bestehen immer noch offene Fragen bezüglich der Ätiologie und Pathogenese. Dementsprechend verschieden sind die Therapieoptionen und die damit erzielten Erfolge, wie im nachfolgenden Beitrag beschrieben.



Publication History

Article published online:
09 August 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Olstad K, Østevik L, Carlson CS. et al. Osteochondrosis can lead to formation of pseudocysts and true cysts in the subchondral bone of horses. Vet Pathol 2015; 52 (05) 862-872
  • 2 Jackson MA, Ohlerth S, Fürst A. Use of an aiming device and computed tomography for assisted debridement of subchondral cystic lesions in the limbs of horses. Vet Surg 2019; 48(S1): O15-O24
  • 3 Jeffcott LB, Kold SE, Melsen F. Aspects of the pathology of stifle bone cysts in the horse. Equine Vet J 1983; 15 (04) 304-311
  • 4 Rechenberg B von McIlwraith CW, Auer JA. Cystic Bone Lesions in Horses and Humans: A Comparative Review. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1998; 11 (01) 8-18
  • 5 Ravanetti P, Lechartier A, Hamon M. A composite absorbable implant used to treat subchondral bone cysts in 38 horses. Equine Vet J 2022; 54 (01) 97-105
  • 6 Roquet I, Easter JL, Coomer RPC. Treatment of subchondral lucencies in the medial proximal radius with a bone screw in 8 horses. Vet Surg 2017; 46 (04) 478-485
  • 7 Sherlock C, Mair T. Osseous cyst-like lesions/subchondral bone cysts of the phalanges. Equine Vet Educ 2011; 23 (04) 191-204
  • 8 Hogan PM, McIlwraith CW, Honnas CM. et al. Surgical treatment of subchondral cystic lesions of the third metacarpal bone. Equine Vet J 1997; 29 (06) 477-482
  • 9 Santschi EM, Prichard MA, Whitman JL. et al. Stifle radiography in Thoroughbreds from 6 to 18 months of age. Equine Vet Educ 2019; 32(S10): 78-84
  • 10 Perez-Nogues M, Derham A, Marmion J. et al. Progression of shallow medial femoral condyle radiographic lucencies in Thoroughbred repository radiographs and their influence on future racing careers. Equine Vet J 2021; 53 (02) 287-293
  • 11 Contino EK, Park RD, McIlwraith CW. Prevalence of radiographic changes in yearling and 2-year-old Quarter Horses intended for cutting. Equine Vet J 2012; 44(2): 185-195
  • 12 Barrett MF, Frisbie DD. Stifle. In: McIlwraith CW, Frisbiee DD, Kawcak CE. et al. eds. Joint Disease in the Horse. 2. Aufl.. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016: 354-371
  • 13 Crema MD, Roemer FW, Zhu Y. et al. Subchondral cystlike lesions develop longitudinally in areas of bone marrow edema-like lesions in patients with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis: detection with MR imaging–the MOST study. Radiology 2010; 256 (03) 855-862
  • 14 Ray CS, Baxter GM, McIlwraight CW. et al. Development of subchondral cystic lesions after articular cartilage and subchondral bone damage in young horses. Equine Vet J 1996; 28 (03) 225-232
  • 15 Kuemmerle JM, Auer JA, Rademacher N. et al. Short incomplete sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in ten horses not used for racing. Vet Surg 2008; 37 (02) 193-200
  • 16 Rechenberg B von Guenther H, McIlwraith CW. et al. Fibrous tissue of subchondral cystic lesions in horses produce local mediators and neutral metalloproteinases and cause bone resorption in vitro. Vet Surg 2000; 29 (05) 420-429
  • 17 Rechenberg B von Leutenegger C, Zlinsky K. et al. Upregulation of mRNA of interleukin-1 and − 6 in subchondral cystic lesions of four horses. Equine Vet J 2001; 33 (02) 143-149
  • 18 Cox LG, Lagemaata MW. et al. Donkelaara CC van et al. The role of pressurized fluid in subchondral bone cyst growth. Bone 2011; 49 (04) 762-768
  • 19 Williams JM, Santschi EM. Pathological fracture through a subchondral bone cyst in the proximal phalanx of a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2017; 29 (06) 299-303
  • 20 Audrey HX, Abd Razak HR, Andrew TH. The truth behind subchondral cysts in osteoarthritis of the knee. Open Orthop J 2014; 8: 7-10
  • 21 Garcia-Lopez JM, Kirker-Head CA. Occult subchondral osseous cyst-like lesions of the equine tarsocrural joint. Vet Surg 2004; 33 (05) 557-564
  • 22 Frazer LL, Santschi EM, Fischer KJ. The impact of subchondral bone cysts on local bone stresses in the medial femoral condyle of the equine stifle joint. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48: 158-167
  • 23 Frazer LL, Santschi EM, Fischer KJ. Impact of a void in the equine medial femoral condyle on bone stresses and peak contact pressures in a finite element model. Vet Surg 2019; 48 (02) 237-246
  • 24 Fürst A, Kaegi B. et al. Rechenberg B von et al. Die Behandlung von 5 Pferden mit subchondralen zystoiden Defekten im Fesselbein. Pferdeheilk 1997; 13 (03) 147-161
  • 25 Ortved KF, Nixon AJ, Mohammed AO. et al. Treatment of subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle of mature horses with growth factor enhanced chondrocyte grafts: a retrospective study of 49 cases. Equine Vet J 2012; 44 (05) 606-613
  • 26 Santschi EM, Williams JM, Morgan JW. et al. Preliminary investigation of the treatment of equine medial femoral condylar subchondral cystic lesions with a transcondylar screw. Vet Surg 2015; 44 (03) 281-288
  • 27 Smith MA, Walsmley JP, Phillips TJ. et al. Effect of age at presentation on outcome following arthroscopic debridement of subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle: 85 horses (1993–2003). Equine Vet J 2005; 37 (02) 175-180
  • 28 Hanson JA, Seeherman HJ, Kirker-Head CA. et al. The role of computed tomography in evaluation of subchondral osseous lesions in seven horses with chronic synovitis. Equine Vet J 1996; 28 (06) 480-488
  • 29 Jackson M, Fürst A. Subchondral Cystic Lesions. In: Auer J, Stick JA. eds. Equine Surgery. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2019: 1528-1542
  • 30 Schön S, Fürst A, Ohlerth S. et al. Computed tomographic versus radiographic assessment of the visibility and features of subchondral cystic lesions in equine limbs. Pferdeheilk 2017; 33 (03) 256-262
  • 31 Jacquet S, Audigie F, Denoix J-M. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of subchondral bone cysts in the medial femoral condyle in horses. Equine Vet Educ 2007; 19 (01) 47-50
  • 32 Mair TS, Sherlock CE. Osseous cyst-like lesions in the feet of lame horses: Diagnosis by standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet Educ 2008; 20 (01) 47-56
  • 33 Squire KRE, Fessler JF, Cantwell HD. et al. Enlarging bilateral femoral condylar bone cysts without scintigraphic uptake in a yearling foal. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992; 33 (02) 109-113
  • 34 Kawcak CE. The Stifle: Femorotibial Joint Region. In: Baxter GM. ed. Adams and Stashakʼs Lameness in Horses. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2020: 725-739
  • 35 Santschi EM, Whitman JL, Prichard MA. et al. Subchondral lucencies of the proximal tibia in 17 horses. Vet Surg 2020; 49 (04) 778-786
  • 36 McIlwraith CW. Management of subchondral cystic lesions of medial femoral condyle – an evolution based on research and clinical evidence. Pferdeheilk 2010; 26 (04) 591-597
  • 37 Plevin S, McLellan J. How to Perform Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Corticosteroids Into Subchondral Bone Cysts of the Medial Femoral Condyle in the Standing Horse.pdf. AAEP Proceedings 2014; 60
  • 38 Foerner JJ, Juzwiak JS, Watt BC. et al. Injection of Equine Subchondral Bone Cysts With Triamcinolone. AAEP Proceedings 2006; 52
  • 39 Jackson M, Fricker C, Kuemmerle JM. et al. Die Behandlung von subchondralen zystoiden Defekten beim Pferd mit Benzopyron: eine retrospektive Analyse. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 2008; 95: 158-165
  • 40 Gilday R, Richard H, Beauchamp G. et al. Abundant osteoclasts in the subchondral bone of the juvenile Thoroughbred metacarpus suggest an important role in joint maturation. Equine Vet J 2020; 52 (05) 733-742
  • 41 Wallis TW, Goodrich LR, McIlwraith CW. et al. Arthroscopic injection of corticosteroids into the fibrous tissue of subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses: a retrospective study of 52 cases (2001–2006). Equine Vet J 2008; 40 (05) 461-467
  • 42 Klein CE, Bramlage LR, Stefanovski D. et al. Comparative results of 3 treatments for medial femoral condyle subchondral cystic lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses. Vet Surg 2022.
  • 43 Sandler EA, Bramlage LR, Embertson RM. Correlation of Lesion Size with Racing Performance in Thoroughbreds After Arthroscopic Surgical Treatment of Subchondral Cystic Lesions of the Medial Femoral Condyle: 150 Cases (1989–2000). AAEP Proceedings 2002; 48
  • 44 Hendrix SM, Baxter GM, McIlwraith CW. et al. Concurrent or sequential development of medial meniscal and subchondral cystic lesions within the medial femorotibial joint in horses (1996–2006). Equine Vet J 2010; 42 (01) 5-9
  • 45 Story MR, Bramlage LR. Arthroscopic debridement of subchondral bone cysts in the distal phalanx of 11 horses (1994–2000). Equine Vet J 2004; 36 (04) 356-360
  • 46 Kold SE, Hickman J. Results of treatment of subchondral bone cysts in the medial condyle of the equine femur with an autogenous cancellous bone graft. Equine Vet J 1984; 16 (05) 414-418
  • 47 Jackson WA, Stick JA, Arnoczky SP. et al. The effect of compacted cancellous bone grafting on the healing of subchondral bone defects of the medial femoral condyle in horses. Vet Surg 2000; 29 (01) 8-16
  • 48 Jackson MA, Ohlerth S, Kummer M. et al. Use of a parathyroid hormone peptide (PTH1–34)-enriched fibrin hydrogel for the treatment of subchondral cystic lesions in 15 horses. Pferdeheilk 2012; 28 (06) 642-649
  • 49 Jackson MA, Fürst A, Koch S. et al. Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on equine bone formation: A preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Pferdeheilk 2017; 33 (05) 424-432
  • 50 Bodo G, Hangody L, Modis L. et al. Autologous osteochondral grafting (mosaic arthroplasty) for treatment of subchondral cystic lesions in the equine stifle and fetlock joints. Vet Surg 2004; 33 (06) 588-596
  • 51 Frazer LL, Santschi EM, Fischer KJ. Stimulation of subchondral bone cyst healing by placement of a transcondylar screw in the equine medial femoral condyle. Vet Surg 2019; 48 (07) 1194-1203