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Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2022; 54(01): 9-13
DOI: 10.1055/a-1731-6050
Forschung

Abskopale Reaktion – ein unterschätzter Effekt mit großem Potenzial

Abscopal Reaction – An Underestimated Effect with Great Potential
Sebastian A. Exner
1   Strahlenzentrum Hamburg
,
Felix Behrens
1   Strahlenzentrum Hamburg
,
Fabian Fehlauer
1   Strahlenzentrum Hamburg
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
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Zusammenfassung

Die lokale Strahlentherapie spielt in der kurativen wie palliativen Krebsbehandlung eine große Rolle. Tumoransprechen außerhalb des bestrahlten Feldes werden als abskopaler Effekt (von lat. „ab“=weg von und „scopus“=Ziel) bezeichnet. Abskopale Reaktionen wurden erstmals 1953 von Robin Mole beschrieben, der bemerkt hatte, dass bei nicht behandelten Läsionen eine Tumorregression beobachtet wurde, wenn ein Tumorbereich fokal bestrahlt wurde.

Studien haben gezeigt, dass eine Strahlentherapie die immunvermittelte Tumorerkennung verbessern kann und mit der Immun-Checkpoint-Blockade (ICB) synergistisch wirkt. Dadurch wird die Rolle der Strahlentherapie von einer lokalen Behandlung auf eine systemische ausgeweitet. Eine wirksame Immunreaktionen kann durch lokale Strahlentherapie aktiviert werden und systemische Erkrankungen bekämpfen durch eine systemische, abskopale Wirkung.

Abstract

Local radiation therapy plays a major role in curative and palliative cancer treatment. Tumor responses outside of the irradiated field are referred to as the abscopal effect (from Latin “ab”=away from and “scopus”=target). Abscopal reactions were first described in 1953 by Robin Mole, who noted that tumor regression was observed in untreated lesions when a tumor area was focally irradiated.

Studies have shown that radiation therapy can improve immune-mediated tumor detection and works synergistically with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). This expands the role of radiation therapy from a local treatment to a systemic one. Immune responses can be activated by local radiation therapy and treat a systemic disease by a systemic, abscopal effect.

Schlüsselwörter

Strahlentherapie - Immuntherapie - abskopaler Effekt - Radiochirurgie - Systemtherapie - Immunsystem - Immun-Checkpoint-Blockade - Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitor

Key words

radiation therapy - immunotherapy - abscopal effect - radiosurgery - systemic therapy - immune system - immune checkpoint blockade - immune checkpoint inhibitor


Publication History

Article published online:
23 March 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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