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Arthritis und Rheuma 2022; 42(01): 24-31
DOI: 10.1055/a-1712-8631
Schwerpunkt

Sarkopenie in der Rheumatologie

Sarcopenia in rheumatology
Björn Bühring
1   Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne
2   Bergisches Rheuma-Zentrum Wuppertal, Wuppertal
,
Celina Müller
1   Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne
,
Roshnak Parvaee
1   Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne
,
Xenofon Baraliakos
1   Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne
,
Jürgen Braun
1   Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-Universität-Bochum, Herne
,
Jutta Bauhammer
3   Praxis Rheumatologie Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Sarkopenie bezeichnet laut aktueller Definitionen, z. B. der durch die European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) im Jahre 2019 erstellten Definition, den Verlust an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -leistung. Von einer primären, altersbedingten Sarkopenie wird eine sekundäre unterschieden, zu deren Ursachen Immobilität, inadäquate Ernährung, Medikamente wie Glukokortikoide und systemische Erkrankungen, wie z. B. chronisch entzündliche Erkrankungen zählen. Die in der Literatur berichtete Prävalenz der Sarkopenie bei entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen variiert aufgrund verschiedener Definitionen und untersuchten Populationen stark, beträgt aber bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis ca. 30 %. Neben dem Alter sind erhöhte Entzündungsmediatoren, Glukokortikoid-Therapie, körperliche Inaktivität und Krankheitsdauer weitere Risikofaktoren. Eine Sarkopenie hat direkten Einfluss auf die Mobilität und Eigenständigkeit älterer Menschen. Sie ist assoziiert mit einer erhöhten Gesamtsterblichkeit, Stürzen, Krankenhausaufenthalten sowie weiteren Funktionsparametern des täglichen Lebens. Im Behandlungsalltag kann die Sarkopenie durch einfache Assessments rasch erfasst werden. Therapieoptionen bestehen aus Bewegungs- und Krafttraining sowie einer ausgewogenen, proteinreichen Ernährung.

ABSTRACT

Sarcopenia is currently being defined by expert panels such as the 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) as the loss of muscle mass, force and power. A primary, age-related form of sarcopenia is distinguished from a secondary form which can be caused by immobility, malnutrition, medication such as glucocorticoids and systemic illnesses like chronic inflammatory diseases. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic inflammatory diseases varies due to different definitions used and populations studied but is approximately 30 % in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Apart from age, other risk factors include elevated inflammatory markers, glucocorticoid therapy, lack of physical activity and disease duration. Sarcopenia is associated with increased mortality, risk of falls, hospitalizations, and measures of activities of daily life. In clinical practice sarcopenia can easily be detected through simple assessments. Therapeutic options include strength and conditioning training as well as balanced, protein-rich nutrition.

Schlüsselwörter

Sarkopenie - Muskelmasse - Muskelfunktion - Sarkopenieprävalenz - Assessments

Keywords

Sarcopenia definition - muscle mass - muscle function - sarcopenia prevalence - assessments


Publication History

Article published online:
25 February 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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