Magnetresonanztomographische Befunde bei 143 Katzen mit Epilepsie

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Epilepsie gehört auch bei Katzen zu den häufigeren chronischen neurologischen Erkrankungen. Bei der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung spielt die magnetresonanztomographische (weiters: MRT) Untersuchung eine zentrale Rolle. Bei hippocampalen MRT-Veränderungen kann die Frage, ob diese Veränderungen die Ursache oder die Folge der Symptome repräsentieren, oft nicht beantwortet werden.Ziel der Studie war die retrospektive Aufarbeitung der MRT-Befunde einer großen Patientenkohorte an epileptischen Katzen.

Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 143 Katzen aufgeteilt in 3 Altersgruppen (< 1 Jahr, zw. 1–6 Jahre, > 6 Jahre) in die Studie aufgenommen. Die MRT-Befunde wurden in die folgenden 4 Kategorien aufgeteilt: Unauffällig, extrahippocampale Veränderungen, hippocampale Signaländerungen ohne und mit Kontrastmittelaufnahme. Die Prävalenz und die Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit der unterschiedlichen MRT-Veränderungen wurden in den Altersgruppen mittels Chi-Quadrat-Test und nominaler Regression geprüft.

Ergebnisse Etwa die Hälfte der Katzen (49 %) wies einen unauffälligen MRT-Befund auf. Extrahippocampale Veränderungen wurden in 18 % der Katzen festgestellt. Hippocampale Veränderungen waren bei 33 % der Katzen zu finden. Die hippocampale Sklerose konnte histopathologisch in allen vier MRT-Gruppen (unauffällige MRT, extrahippocampale Veränderungen, hippocampale Signaländerung mit und ohne Kontrastmittelanreicherung) nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Bei etwa 50 % der epileptischen Katzen ergibt die Gehirn MRT einen unauffälligen Befund; extrahippocampale Veränderungen sind insbesondere bei älteren Katzen zu erwarten. Die hippocampalen MRT-Veränderungen sind oft ätiologisch nicht zuzuordnen. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Bedeutung von hippocampalen Veränderungen zu verstehen.

Abstract

Objective Epilepsy is one of the more common chronic neurological diseases in cats in which MRI plays a key role in the diagnostic work-up. Hippocampal MRI changes are common in cats, however it is unclear whether these changes represent the reason or the consequence of the disease.The goal of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the MRI findings in a large cohort of epileptic cats.

Material and methods In total, 143 cats of 3 age groups (< 1 year, 1–6 years, and > 6 years) were included in the study. MRI findings were divided into 4 categories: normal, with extrahippocampal lesions, and hippocampal signal alterations with or without contrast enhancement. The prevalence and frequency of these MRI findings in the age groups were examined using chi-quadrat test and nominal regression model.

Results In approximately one half of the cats (49 %), MRI displayed normal findings. Extrahippocampal changes occurred in 18 % of the animals. Hippocampal alterations were present in 33 % of the cats. Hippocampal sclerosis was found histopathologically in all four MRI categories.

Conclusion and clinical relevance Brain MRI was normal in approximately 50 % of the epileptic cats. Extrahippocampal changes are expected mostly in cats older than 6 years. The etiology of the hippocampal alterations is unclear in most cases. Further investigations are needed for a better understanding of the hippocampal signal alterations.

Schlüsselwörter

MRT - feline Epilepsie - Hippocampus

Key words

MRI - feline epilepsy - hippocampus

Publication History

Received: 25 June 2020

Accepted: 30 June 2021

Article published online:
02 March 2022

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