Das subgaleale Hämatom beim Neugeborenen – ein neonatologischer Notfall

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Das subgaleale Hämatom (SGH) ist eine seltene Geburtskomplikation des Neugeborenen und kann aufgrund des erheblichen Blutverlustes in den subgalealen Raum zu einem hämorrhagischen Schock führen. Wir berichten von zwei Neugeborenen, die ein subgaleales Hämatom mit schwerem hämorrhagischem Schock und Enzephalopathie entwickelten. Im ersten Fall eines reifen weiblichen Neugeborenen wurde die Entstehung des subgalealen Hämatoms durch eine Neugeboreneninfektion und die Geburt mittels Vakuumextraktion begünstigt. Der zweite Fall eines männlichen Frühgeborenen wurde durch eine schwierige Kindsentwicklung mittels sekundärer Sectio caesarea kompliziert. Neben der raschen Behandlung des Schocks ist vor allem die Therapie der Gerinnungsstörung essentiell. Beide Fälle verdeutlichen, dass das subgaleale Hämatom ein neonatologischer Notfall ist.

Abstract

Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) is a rare complication in neonates that may lead to hemorrhagic shock due to significant blood loss into the subgaleal space. We report of two neonates who developed subgaleal hematoma with severe hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy. In the first case of a mature female neonate, the development of the subgaleal hematoma was promoted by early-onset sepsis and delivery by vacuum extraction. The second case, of a male preterm neonate, was a complicated fetal development followed by secondary cesarean section. Both cases highlight that a subgaleal hematoma is a severe neonatal emergency. In addition to prompt treatment of the shock, therapy of the coagulopathy is essential.

Schlüsselwörter

Neugeborenes - Subgaleales Hämatom - Geburtsverletzungen - Hämorrhagischer Schock - Koagulopathie

Key words

Newborn - Subgaleal hematoma - Birth injuries - Hemorrhagic shock - Coagulopathy

Publication History

Received: 12 February 2021

Accepted after revision: 19 April 2021

Article published online:
01 July 2021

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