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Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2021; 225(06): 468-472
DOI: 10.1055/a-1471-8017
Übersicht

Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Bindungsaufbau während Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt (Teil 3 einer Serie zur psychologischen Diagnostik im Peripartalzeitraum)

Questionnaires for the Assessment of Bonding During Pregnancy and after Birth (Part 3 of a series on psychological assessment during the peripartum period)
Tobias Weigl 
1   Psychology School, Hochschule Fresenius – University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
,
Susan Garthus-Niegel 
2   Fakultät Medizin, MSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Deutschland
3   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
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Zusammenfassung

Der Bindungsaufbau von (werdenden) Müttern und Vätern zu ihrem Kind hat große Bedeutung für das psychische Wohlbefinden der Eltern und des Kindes. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn bei den Eltern bereits psychische Beschwerden wie Depressionen vorhanden sind. Darüber hinaus können frühkindliche Bindungserfahrungen sowohl die psychische Gesundheit des Kindes als auch spätere Beziehungen beeinflussen. Klassische Verfahren der Bindungsforschung wie der Fremde-Situations-Test zur standardisierten Erfassung des Bindungserlebens sind jedoch für den klinischen Alltag in Neonatologie und Geburtshilfe nicht praktikabel, zumal hier v. a. das Bindungsverhalten des Kindes im Fokus steht. Zudem kann die Bindung zum ungeborenen Kind so nicht erfasst werden. Daher bieten sich zur Erfassung des elterlichen Bindungserlebens v. a. Fragebögen an. Sowohl für die Zeit der Schwangerschaft, als auch für den Postpartalzeitraum sind geeignete Instrumente vorhanden, die jedoch überwiegend für Frauen entwickelt wurden. Allerdings besteht bei den meisten Fragebögen Bedarf zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung, da Cut-off Werte sowie Normwerte z. T. bisher nicht etabliert wurden. Solche Werte dürften allerdings insbesondere in der Regelversorgung von Bedeutung sein. Insgesamt scheint die Erfassung des Bindungserlebens sinnvoll zu sein, damit rechtzeitig Unterstützung beim Bindungsaufbau gegeben oder in unterstützende Angebote vermittelt werden kann.

Abstract

Bonding of (expectant) parents with their child is of great importance for the psychological well-being of both the parents and the child. This is especially true if parents suffer from mental health problems like depression. Furthermore, attachment experiences during early childhood can affect both the child’s mental health as well as later relationships. However, typical assessment methods like the Strange Situation Test are not very suitable in clinical practice in neonatology and obstetrics, especially since the focus here is primarily on the child's attachment behavior. In addition, bonding with the unborn child cannot be assessed in this way. Therefore, questionnaires represent a more feasible method for the assessment of parental bonding. Instruments have been developed for the time during pregnancy and after birth, but most of them were developed for women. Also, there is a need for further methodological development of these questionnaires. Cut-offs and norm values are highly relevant for clinical practice, but still need to be established in some cases. Assessment of parental bonding using questionnaires can potentially be beneficial and will most likely help to initiate timely supportive interventions.

Schlüsselwörter

Prävention - Fragebögen - peripartale psychische Gesundheit - Bindung

Key words

prevention - self-report measures - perinatal mental health - bonding


Publication History

Received: 08 February 2021

Accepted after revision: 21 March 2021

Article published online:
31 May 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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