Virologische Erkrankungen auf der Intensivstation

Virusinfektionen kritisch kranker Patienten und ihre Versorgung gewinnen in der Intensivmedizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Insbesondere das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, das Ende 2019 erstmalig in Wuhan (China) nachgewiesen werden konnte, ist gegenwärtig in den Fokus der Weltöffentlichkeit und der Wissenschaft gerückt.

Kernaussagen

• Ein negativer Nachweis von Zytomegalie-DNA im Serum schließt die Manifestation einer durch CMV bedingten Erkrankung nicht aus.

• Immunsupprimierte Patienten, Patienten mit maligner Grunderkrankung, sowie Raucher und Schwangere sind besonders gefährdet, schwere Komplikationen einer Varizella-zoster-Virus-Infektion (VZV-Infektion) zu entwickeln.

• Eine Infektion mit RSV (= humanes respiratorisches Synzytialvirus) ist bei Patienten mit Immunsuppression nach Stammzelltransplantation bzw. solider Organtransplantation mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert.

• Eine gefürchtete Komplikation der Influenzainfektion ist die Superinfektion mit Bakterien und/oder Pilzen. Sie stellt einen unabhängigen Risikofaktor für erhöhte Mortalität auf der Intensivstation bzw. für die 28-Tage-Mortalität dar.

• Die Intubation von Patienten/Patientinnen mit bestätigter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion sollten vom erfahrensten Intensivmediziner im Team durchgeführt werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Viruserkrankungen - Intensivstation - Sepsis - COVID-19

Publication History

Article published online:
27 May 2021

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