Download PDF
Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2019; 47(06): 447-452
DOI: 10.1055/a-1020-3761
Kasuistik

Verdacht auf Hippocampussklerose bei einer Europäisch-Kurzhaar-Katze mit der Diagnose Polycythaemia vera

Suspected hippocampal sclerosis in an european shorthair cat diagnosed with polycythemia vera
Jennifer Kempf
Kleintierzentrum Iffezheim
,
Johannes von Magnis
Kleintierzentrum Iffezheim
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Bei einer 7-jährigen männlich-kastrierten Europäisch-Kurzhaar-Katze, vorgestellt aufgrund von akut reduziertem Allgemeinbefinden und einer vestibulären Ataxie, wurde die Diagnose Polycythaemia vera gestellt. Im weiteren Verlauf zeigte die Katze intermittierend orofaziale Zuckungen, Aggressivität, Speicheln, Kreiswandern und Kopfschiefhaltung. Bei der weiterführenden Diagnostik mittels Magnetresonanztomografie ließen sich Veränderungen im Bereich des Hippocampus nachweisen, die mit einer Hippocampussklerose vereinbar waren. Der Fallbericht beschreibt zum einen die klinischen und hämatologischen Befunde einer Polyzythämie und den Krankheitsverlauf während der Therapie. Zum anderen wird der Zusammenhang zur Hippocampusveränderung diskutiert. Diese könnte sekundär zu einer durch die Polyzythämie verursachten zerebralen Hypoperfusion entstanden sein.

Abstract

A 7-year-old male castrated cat was presented because of an acute onset of lethargy and vestibular ataxia. The cat was diagnosed with polycythemia vera. Later the patient developed additional clinical signs including orofacial twitching, aggressivity, hypersalivation, circling and a head tilt. A magnetic resonance imaging was performed and revealed hippocampal alterations compatible with hippocampal sclerosis. The presented case report describes the clinical signs and hematologic findings in a cat with polycythemia vera and the response of treatment. Another part is the discussion about the hypothesis that the hippocampal alterations were due to a cerebral hypoperfusion caused by the polycythemic condition.

Schlüsselwörter

Hyperviskositätssyndrom - orofaziale Anfälle - Verhaltensänderung - Temporallappenepilepsie - Magnetresonanztomographie

Key words

Hyperviscosity syndrome - orofacial seizures - behavior change - temporal lobe epilepsy - magnetic resonance imaging


Publication History

Received: 11 March 2019

Accepted: 24 July 2019

Article published online:
06 December 2019

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Anger B, Haug U, Seidler R. et al. Polycythaemia vera. A clinical study of 141 patients. Blut 1989; 59: 493-500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Auer RN, Benveniste H. Hypoxia and related conditions. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL. eds. Greenfield’s Neuropathology. Vol. 1, 6th ed.. London: Arnold; 1997: 263-314
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Banfi C. Pentoxifylline prevents spontaneous brain ischemia in stroke-prone rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 310 (03) 890-895
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bath PM, Bath-Hextall FJ. Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (03) CD000162
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Beurlet S, Krief P, Sansonetti A. et al. Identification of JAK2 mutations in canine primary polycythemia. Exp Hematol 2011; 39 (05) 542-545
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Brini E, Gandini G, Crescio I. et al. Necrosis of hippocampus and piriform lobe: Clinical and neuropathological findings in two italian cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 6 (06) 377-381
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Chung I, Lip GY. Virchow‘s triad revisited: blood constituents. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2003; 33: 449-454
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Claßen AC, Kneissl S, Lang J. et al. Magnetic resonance features of the feline hippocampus in epileptic and non-epileptic cats: a blinded, retrospective, multi-observer study. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12 (01) 165
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Cook SM, Lothrop CD. Serum erythropoietin concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in normal, polycythemic, and anemic dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 1994; 8 (01) 18-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Darcy H, Simpson K, Gajanayake I. et al. Feline primary erythrocytosis: a multicentre case series of 18 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20 (12) 1192-1198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Erslev AJ. 1995. Secondary polycythemia (erythrocytosis). In: Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS. et al., eds. Williams Hematology. 5th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996: 714-723
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Fatzer R, Gandini G, Jaggy A. et al. Necrosis of hippocampus and piriform lobe in 38 domestic cats with seizures: a retrospective study on clinical and pathologic findings. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14 (01) 100-104
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Giger U. Polycythemia: Is it polycythemia vera?. Proc 21st ACVIM Forum. 2003: 742-744
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hatanpaa KJ, Raisanen JM, Herndon E. et al. Hippocampal sclerosis in dementia, epilepsy, and ischemic injury: differential vulnerability of hippocampal subfields. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73 (02) 136-142
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Kay JW, Gambino JM, Lunsford KV. et al. Acute cerebrovascular event in a dog with polycythemia vera. Can Vet J 2018; 59: 755-758
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kirby D, Gillick A. Polycythemia and tetralogy of Fallot in a cat. Can Vet J 1974; 15 (04) 114-119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Klainbart S, Segev G, Loeb E. et al. Resolution of renal adenocarcinoma-induced secondary inappropriate polycythaemia after nephrectomy in two cats. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10 (03) 264-268
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Klang A, Högler S, Nedorost N. et al. Hippocampal necrosis and sclerosis in cats: A retrospective study of 35 cases. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66 (02) 269-280
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 McCarty MF, O‘Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature. Open Heart 2016; 3 (01) e000365
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 McLornan D, Percy M, McMullin MF. JAK2 V617F: a single mutation in the myeloproliferative group of disorders. Ulster Med J 2006; 75 (02) 112-119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Movassaghi S, Nadia Sharifi Z, Soleimani M. et al. Effect of pentoxifylline on ischemia-induced brain damage and spatial memory impairment in rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012; 15 (05) 1083-1090
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Murphys. Polycythemia vera. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ. et al. Hematology, 3 rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1983: 185-196
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Pakozdy A, Gruber A, Kneissl S. et al. Complex partial cluster seizures in cats with orofacial involvement. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13 (10) 687-693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Pakozdy A, Halasz P, Klang A. Epilepsy in cats: theory and practice. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28 (02) 255-263
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Panova-Noeva M, Marchetti M, Russo L. et al. ADP-induced platelet aggregation and thrombin generation are increased in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Thromb Res 2013; 132 (01) 88-93
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Peterson ME. Diagnosis and treatment of polycythaemia. In: Kirk RW. ed. Current Veterinary Therapy VIII. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1983: 406-408
    Google Scholar
  • 27 Peterson ME, Kintzer PP, Cavanagh PG. et al. Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 183 (01) 103-110
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Peterson ME, Taylor RS, Greco DS. et al. Acromegaly in 14 cats. J Vet Intern Med 1990; 4 (04) 192-201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Rizzo F, Tappin SW, Tasker S. Thrombocytosis in cats: a retrospective study of 51 cases (2000–2005). J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9 (04) 319-325
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Schmied O, Scharf G, Hilbe M. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of feline hippocampal necrosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008; 49 (04) 343-349
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Schriefl S, Steinberg TA, Matiasek K. et al. Etiologic classification of seizures, signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with seizure disorders: 91 cases (2000–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233 (10) 1591-1597
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Semah F, Picot MC, Adam C. et al. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence?. Neurology 1998; 51 (05) 1256-1262
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Spivak JL. Polycythemia vera: myths, mechanisms, and management. Blood 2002; 100 (13) 4272-4290
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Spivak JL, Silver RT. The revised World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and primary myelofibrosis: an alternative proposal. Blood 2008; 112 (02) 231-239
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Tefferi A, Rumi E, Finazzi G. et al. Survival and prognosis among 1545 patients with contemporary polycythemia vera: an international study. Leukemia 2013; 27 (09) 1874-1881
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Turner E. Pentoxifylline as adjunct therapy to long-term clinical management of a right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus. Can Vet J 2016; 57 (06) 655-656
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Virchow R. Thrombosis and emboli (1846–1856). Canton, Mass: Science History Publications; 1998
    Google Scholar
  • 38 Wagner E, Rosati M, Molin J. et al. Hippocampal sclerosis in feline epilepsy. Brain Pathol 2014; 24 (06) 607-619
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Ware WA, Bonagura JD. Multiple congenital cardiac anomalies and Eisenmenger’s syndrome in a dog. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1988; 10: 932-937
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Watson AD, Yeats JA. Primary polycythaemia in a dog. Aust Vet J 1984; 61: 61-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Watson ADJ, Moore AS, Helfand SC. Primary erythrocytosis in the cat: Treatment with hydroxyurea. J Small Anim Pract 1994; 35 (06) 320-325
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Weber FP. Polycythaemia, erythrocytosis and erythraemia. Q J Med 1908; 2: 85-134
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Wieser HG. ILAE Commission on Neurosurgery of Epilepsy. ILAE Commission Report. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia 2004; 45 (06) 695-714
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Zoraster RM, Rison RA. Acute embolic cerebral ischemia as an initial presentation of polycythemia vera: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7 (01) 131
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar