Die Larynxmaske – Schritt für Schritt

Abstract

Laryngeal masks are supraglottic airway devices developed in the early 1980s. Today, they are frequently used in clinical routine to provide airway access for mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing surgery with a short duration. Moreover, the they have also become integral part of difficult airway management in patients who cannot be intubated by the use of conventional laryngoscopy.

Relevant advances have been made to simplify their positioning and improve tightness with the aim to allow for the use of higher airway pressures during mechanical ventilation thereby reducing the risk of gastric insufflation and pulmonary aspiration. Focusing on this goal, several different prototypes have been developed and introduced in clinical practice until today. However, even these new developed laryngeal masks still do not provide reliable protection against pulmonary aspiration until today. Consequently, their use In critical care medicine is still limited to rescue situations with intubation failure.

In this review some of the most popular lanryngeal masks are presented, indications for their use are outlined and their handling is described.

Keine Muskelrelaxation, keine Verletzung der Stimmbänder, schnelle Ausleitung ohne Halsschmerzen: Die Larynxmaske ist eine gute Alternative zur Intubation – wenn die Indikation stimmt.

Schlüsselwörter

Maschinelle Beatmung - Atemwegsmanagement - supraglottische Atemhilfe - Aspiration

Key words

mechanical ventilation - airway management - supraglottic airway device - aspiration

• Literatur

• 1 Brain AI. The laryngeal mask--a new concept in airway management. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55: 801-805
• 2 Strametz R, Bergold MN, Weberschock T. Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11: Cd009901
• 3 Wissenschaftlicher Arbeitskreis Airway Management der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologieund Intensivmedizin DGAI: S1 Leitlinie Atemwegsmanagement. AWMF-Register Nr: 001/028 2015.